:: Verenium Cellulosic Ethanol First Cellulosic Ethanol Biorefinery in the U.S. Opens
Ethanol Produced from Perrenial Grass Could Offset 20 % of Gas Use with 9.3 % of Cropland First Commercial - Scale Cellulosic Ethanol Plant Approved for California
Current U.S. biofuel supply relies almost exclusively on
ethanol produced from Midwest corn.
Biofuels» Emissions Benefits Often Overstated Citing the study, Reuters reports that, «The OECD said that if Brazil's
ethanol produced from sugar cane cuts greenhouse gas emissions by around 80 %, biofuels from other feedstocks in the United States, the EU or Canada tend to have a far lower environmental benefit.
Another plus is that
ethanol produced from second - generation feedstock has high performance and compatibility with traditional combustion engines and current energy infrastructure, including refineries and pipelines.
The use of
ethanol produced from corn in the U.S. and sugar cane in Brazil has given birth to the commercialization of an alternative fuel that is coming to show substantial promise, particularly as new feedstocks are developed.
Trees may not take as much CO2 out of the air as corn plants do but they only have to take out less than half as much, since three to four times as much CO2 is in the whole corn plant as there is in
the ethanol produced from it.
Western Biomass Energy LLC, a subsidiary of Blue Sugars Corporation (previously KL Energy) reported the major milestone of claiming the first cellulosic ethanol tax credits under the RFS2 for a 20,069 gallon batch of cellulosic
ethanol produced from bagasse (sugar cane waste) in April 2012.
The ethanol produced from 1 -, 5 - and 10 percent oil cane would add to the cost benefit.
That result contrasts sharply with a controversial study published just over a year ago in Science that suggested that a mixture of prairie grasses farmed with little fertilizer or other inputs would produce a higher net energy yield than
ethanol produced from corn (Science, 8 December 2006, p. 1598).
After crunching the numbers, Vogel and his colleagues found that
ethanol produced from switchgrass yields 540 % of the energy used to grow, harvest, and process it into ethanol.
Not exact matches
Later this year the company is scheduled to finish a $ 200 million - plus facility in Nevada, Iowa, that will
produce 30 million gallons of cellulosic
ethanol using corn residue
from nearby farms.
Another quick - maturing technology, which Canadian firm Iogen is pioneering, is cellulose
ethanol, a fuel made
from crop and forest residues and urban wastes that could be locally
produced in rural British Columbia.
Today it costs $ 40 to $ 50 a barrel to
produce ethanol from corn.
Fermentation is triggered by lactic acid bacteria — or lactobacilli — and yeasts, which use the carbohydrate fuels
from the cereal grains to
produce ethanol (alcohol), carbon dioxide, lactic acid and acetic acid.
According to our analysis, this would generate more than enough electricity to power the biorefinery, so surplus power could be sold back to the grid, displacing electricity
produced from fossil fuels — a practice already used in some plants in Brazil to
produce ethanol from sugarcane.
After a much - quoted warning that «America is addicted to oil» in this year's State of the Union address, President Bush called for «cutting - edge methods of
producing ethanol, not just
from corn but
from wood chips and stalks or switchgrass.
The first - generation biofuel, industrialized,
ethanol, is
produced from foodstuffs like maize, and thus poses great concern about a possible future shortage of food.
There is certainly a case for re-doubling the scientific efforts to
produce bio-fuels on lands which do not compete with food crops, for example
from cellulosic
ethanol, but this technology is still not ready for the market.
Max Shauck, chair of the Baylor Institute for Air Science (who flew an
ethanol - powered prop plane at air shows in the 1980s), has converted at least 1,000 such aircraft in Brazil, a country that has weaned itself
from foreign oil by embracing
ethanol domestically
produced from sugarcane.
«We can do this while simultaneously
producing from the biomass lignin - free cellulose, which is the basis of
ethanol and other liquid fuels.
«But there are ways to obtain
ethanol for fuel
from fermentation that
produce something that chemically is very much like beer — so beer is an excellent readily available model to test our technology.»
While both can be obtained
from petroleum or natural gas,
ethanol may be the most interesting because many believe it to be a renewable resource, easily obtained
from sugar or starch in crops and other agricultural
produce such as grain, sugarcane or even lactose.
The microbe takes sugar
from the seaweed and thus far can
produce ethanol as a byproduct.
Municipalities are already fighting over water supplies with the booming biofuels industry: citizens in the Illinois towns of Champaign and Urbana recently opposed a local
ethanol plant's petition to withdraw two million gallons a day
from the local aquifer to
produce 100 million gallons of
ethanol a year.
Gates has invested in several renewable fuels companies, including Pacific
Ethanol and Sapphire Energy; the latter intends to
produce gasoline
from algae.
Today most
ethanol in the United States is made
from corn, using an energy - intensive process that may not actually save a lot of fossil fuel, and in any case America can not
produce enough
ethanol from corn to really matter.
Then the company used custom - designed microbes to
produce the new fuels by fermentation
from a conventional
ethanol feedstock.
That method could make a difference in cellulosic biofuel plants, which
produce ethanol from waste products — corn husks and cobs — rather than edible kernels, a major advance in addressing the tradeoff of using agricultural land to grow corn for fuel rather than for food.
Plants are one way to capture the energy
from the sun, and if you can break down the complex sugars — which is what cellulases do — into simple sugars, then the simple sugars can drive the metabolism and things like fermentation to
produce ethanol.
«
Ethanol made from miscanthus would need a much smaller carbon price to make it desirable to produce and for consumers to purchase as compared to ethanol from switchgrass and corn
Ethanol made
from miscanthus would need a much smaller carbon price to make it desirable to
produce and for consumers to purchase as compared to
ethanol from switchgrass and corn
ethanol from switchgrass and corn stover.
«As the waste material is introduced you can
produce your gas
from the gasifier within an hour and you'll start getting
ethanol at six hours.
George Huber, chemical engineer, University of Massachusetts at Amherst - Bright Idea:
Produce ethanol or other renewable fuels
from biomass that we do not use for food.
Now, Brazil hopes to tap into a new biofuel source: second - generation
ethanol,
produced from the tough cellulose in plant stalks.
Liskij, Nicholas Grade: 8 SUMMA at Whitford Middle School - Beaverton, OR Project Title: Extracting Cellulase Enzymes
from Varying Species of Soil Fungi Grown in a Cellulose Based Agar in Order to
Produce Cellulosic
Ethanol
Ethanol fuel is
produced from sugar cane in Brazil and
from the cellulose of a wide variety of plants, including cornstalks, poplar trees, and switch grass, as well as waste left over
from the forest products industry, wheat, oat, and barley straw.
Among the multiple applications for different processing pathways of corn or sorghum
ethanol are four pathways
from LytEn for hydrogen
produced from biomethane; four pathways for renewable... Read more →
According to a new research published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, the new method has
produced butanol, a product
from ethanol that has no detrimental effects to engines.
As compared to the 1 calorie
from glucose that was converted to VLDL (see previous section), the same caloric intake
from ethanol produces 30 calories of VLDL that are transported to your fat cells and contribute to your obesity, or participate in plaque formation.
In fact, many of the health problems
from abusing alcohol are caused indirectly by glutathione deficiency, since the main by - product of
ethanol produced in liver is acetaldehyde and glutathione has to detoxify that.
The real reason for the existence of
ethanol fuel is that it is somewhat easier to
produce ethanol from agricultural products than it is to
produce biogasoline.
Using higher volume blends of
ethanol to leverage the alcohol's inherent high octane rating to
produce ethanol - gasoline blends with higher octane numbers could yield «substantial societal benefits», according to a team of researchers
from Ford Motor Company.
The company they've bought into has a novel approach to
producing ethanol that could use virtually any carbon source and would decouple that fuel
from corn production, potentially making it possible for cities to
produce their own transportation fuel using their own MSW, eliminating some of the need for landfilling and the associated long - tail methane and CO2 releases
from same.
Where will that energy come
from if we make many more poor choices like corn
ethanol (a systems analysis of which showed that it took more total energy to
produce than it delivered).
I think it's very interesting that last November, Florida Governor Charles Crist — the governor of the state that
produces more sugar cane than any other, and about a fifth of all American sugar — visited Brazil and proposed ending America's tariff on sugar
ethanol from that country.
Importing sugar - based
ethanol from Brazil will create a market for that product in the U.S. — and that will
produce a sweet new market for Florida sugarcane growers, too.
Cellulosic
ethanol from grasses, sugarcane and algae probably offer the best opportunities going forward to
produce clean, renewable fuel without impacting food supply.
Just been looking up the sources for commercial CO2 and here is a short exerpt
from google: «The most common operations
from which commercially -
produced carbon dioxide is recovered are industrial plants which
produce hydrogen or ammonia
from natural gas, coal, or other hydrocarbon feedstock, and large - volume fermentation operations in which plant products are made into
ethanol for human consumption, automotive fuel or industrial use.
Estimating fossil CO2
produced from, for example, a grain
ethanol program takes attention
from voters, including scientists.
The USA - based firm Algenol has struck a deal with Mexico - based BioFields to grow and process algae in a manner that cost effectively
produces ethanol - directly
from the culture.
for example, someone
from the
ethanol lobby had a letter in the times pointing to some 300 000 000 (million) gallons of
ethanol for road fuel
produced i a recent year.