The United States provides a range of incentives for
ethanol production including exclusion from excise taxes, mandating clean air performance requirements that created markets for ethanol, and tax incentives and accelerated depreciation schedules for electricity generating equipment that burn biomass (USDOE, 2005).
By - products of
ethanol production include distiller's grain, which is used as a very low cost cattle feed, and also corn oil can be extracted, which can be converted into biodiesel.
Not exact matches
Previous investments
include ethanol and biodiesel
production facilities, biomass power facilities, and industrial cogeneration projects.
Other agricultural
production goods
include timber, fertilizers, animal hides, leather, industrial chemicals (starch, sugar, alcohols and resins), fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax), fuels (methane from biomass,
ethanol, biodiesel), cut flowers, ornamental and nursery plants, tropical fish and birds for the pet trade, and both legal and illegal drugs (biopharmaceuticals, tobacco, marijuana, opium, cocaine).
(Worse, use of
ethanol instead of gasoline does little to reduce net carbon emissions once the energy - intensive full cycle of
ethanol production —
including the energy - intensive fertilizer and transport needs — is taken into account.)
The recent achievements of the institute, based in southern India and with half a dozen hubs across Africa,
include advances in pea hybrids and commercial
production of
ethanol from sweet sorghum.
MLPs on brokerage firm Stifel's buy list
include Green Plains Partners (GPP, $ 18, 11.0 %), which owns and operates storage tanks, terminals and other facilities for Green Plains Inc., the world's second - largest owner of
ethanol production plants.
Analysis by Kansas State grain scientists found that next generation DDGs (left - overs from the
production of
ethanol that
includes residues of yeast) contain 50.8 percent crude protein, compared with 47.8 percent in soybean meal or 67.1 percent in corn gluten meal.
The best biofuel is still
ethanol from corn but it has to be part of an integrated
production facility which should
include the following steps: cattle feed lot, feed all waste (distiller's dried solids) to the cattle, convert the cattle waste to methane to supply part of the energy source for the distillation, burn the dry crop waste to provide the remainder of the energy, irrigate the crops with the effluent from the methane digestor.
Non-conventional liquids
production has reached ~ 4.5 Mbbl / d since 1960, which
includes EOR, oil sands, CTL, GTL,
ethanol, biodiesel.
The
production of
ethanol is concentrated in the Central and Southeast regions of the country, which
includes the main producer, São Paulo State.
The catalysts are derived from an environmentally benign cyanobacterium that exists naturally in the wild, and Joule has redirected the metabolism of multiple strains for the
production of specific products,
including ethanol and diesel - range alkanes — an industry first.
Indeed, the corn - to -
ethanol production cycle is so carbon - intensive that a carbon tax applied to its fuel inputs (
including natural gas) would internalize much of
ethanol's climate cost, obviating somewhat the need for a tax on the end - product.
And it Doesn't
include the
production of algae and duckweed, which is currently at 6,000 gallons per acre per year, for oil and
ethanol respectively, plus co-product biomass that can go to feed or fuel depending on demand.
It does not release carbon that would otherwise stay stored underground, as occurs with fossil fuel use, but when starch, such as corn, is used for
ethanol production much energy,
including fossil - fuel energy, is consumed in the process of fertilizing, plowing, and harvesting.
We acknowledged the bee situation in a post nearly a year ago, noting that the large - scale conversion of grasslands to grow crops for a number of uses was crowding out bees, butterflies and others —
including increasing acreage being devoted to
ethanol production.
In 2007 26 % of the US corn
production has diverted to create biofuel with a 7 % net increase in carbon dioxide emitted if one
includes the energy cost for fertilizer, to harvest the corn, to haul the corn to the biofuel plants, and to triple distil the
ethanol.
Eligible CO2 sources
include power plants that burn coal, natural gas, or oil and industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries, oil and gas
production facilities, iron and steel mills, cement plants, fertilizer plants,
ethanol distilleries and chemical plants.
BlueFire Renewables, Inc. (OTC Bulletin Board: BFRE), a company focused on changing the world's transportation fuel paradigm through the
production of renewable fuels from non-food cellulosic wastes, announced that it has finalized and signed an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) contract for its planned cellulosic
ethanol facility in Fulton, MS.. The facility will be engineered and built by Wanzek Construction, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of MasTec, Inc. (NYSE: MTZ), for a fixed price of $ 296 million which
includes an approximately $ 100 million biomass power plant as part of the facility.
Project Duration: September 2012 — August 2017 The use of corn for
ethanol production carries side effects,
including food security concerns owing to its use as a staple food crop.
Whether or not
ethanol is better than gasoline depends on the direct and indirect environmental impacts associated with the
production, delivery, and ultimate use of each gallon of
ethanol,
including any changes in land use.
Specific areas of interest
include, but are not limited to: biological, thermochemical, or thermocatalytic routes for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to advanced biofuels beyond cellulosic
ethanol; microbial fuel cells for direct
production of electricity from renewable carbon sources; hydrogen
production from autotrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms; hydrocarbons and lipids from phototrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms.
Cardayre argues that LS9's biofuels offer several benefits that make them more attractive as an alternative to fossil fuels than do
ethanol - derived fuels,
including higher cost - efficiency and lower energy consumption in
production (65 % less energy).
If we use large amount of natural gas for
ethanol production, we risk shortages for other purposes,
including electrical
production and home heating.