The Ethanol Promotion and Information Council (EPIC), the leader in bringing «green» fuels to motorsports, contracted KL Process Design Group to provide the cellulosic E85 racing
ethanol used by Corvette Racing.
The cellulosic
ethanol used by Corvette Racing is made from waste wood — dead trees, undergrowth, broken branches, and bark — collected in South Dakota's Black Hills National Forest to reduce the risk of wildfire.
Not exact matches
Then I noticed the Sunoco fuel
used by NASCAR teams is an E-15 blend... and long story short, in my effort to become more socially responsible, I have become an
ethanol proponent.
Fermentation is triggered
by lactic acid bacteria — or lactobacilli — and yeasts, which
use the carbohydrate fuels from the cereal grains to produce
ethanol (alcohol), carbon dioxide, lactic acid and acetic acid.
The Energy Policy Act of 2005 requires the
use of 7.5 billion gallons of
ethanol by 2012, and the industry is ahead of the target.
KERRY: The senator has proposed «a new Manhattan Project to make America independent of Middle East oil in 10 years»
by increasing the
use of alternative fuels like
ethanol and insisting that standards for auto mileage be raised.
By contrast, traditional
ethanol requires new equipment and
uses edible plants like corn and sugar that need rich farmland to grow.
Together the two plants would produce, at best, 22 million gallons of
ethanol a year
by using sulfuric acid to break the lignocellulose bonds and then burning the leftover lignin to power fermentation of the cellulose into
ethanol.
Chemical engineer Inés Reyero Zaragoza proposed the substitution of methanol
by ethanol for the production of biodiesel and the
use of a heterogeneous catalyst, which will «result in a reduction of costs and in the environmental impact associated with the production of this biofuel.»
The technology developed
by ORNL's Chaitanya Narula, Brian Davison and Associate Laboratory Director Martin Keller
uses an inexpensive zeolite catalyst to transform
ethanol into hydrocarbon blend - stock.
By using a combination of crop growth, hydrological, carbon and nitrogen cycle models, researchers found that the estimated land suitable for bioenergy grasses — particularly Miscanthus, the most productive bioenergy crop — is limited, despite its relatively high biomass productivity and low water consumption per unit of
ethanol.
Then the company
used custom - designed microbes to produce the new fuels
by fermentation from a conventional
ethanol feedstock.
Farmers make the fuel
by chemically treating corn kernels to isolate the sugars and then feeding the sugars to yeast, which digests them and secretes
ethanol.Not only do the corn husks and stalks go to waste, but
ethanol production has driven up the price of the corn that is
used for food
by reducing its availability.
Additionally, ethylene and
ethanol could serve as the building blocks for a range of consumer goods, and CO2 - derived formic acid could be
used by the pharmaceutical industry or as a fuel in fuel cells.
«This application could be considered a sensor
by software, as the
ethanol present does not respond directly to the sensors
used, which only respond to the ions present in the solution,» outlines the researcher.
Corn
ethanol made from irrigated crops, for example, can
use more than 1,000 times more water than oil refining, according to calculations
by Sandia National Laboratory.
By 2016 about 43 percent of thatarea will be
used to harvest corn for
ethanol.
They then
used light to turn on a chemical process that activates enzymes that naturally allow yeast to grow and multiply
by eating glucose and secreting
ethanol.
This means that switchgrass
ethanol delivers 540 percent of the energy
used to produce it, compared with just roughly 25 percent more energy returned
by corn - based
ethanol according to the most optimistic studies.
Cellulose is difficult to break down and ferment, but several facilities in the United States are on the verge of making commercial cellulosic
ethanol — for example,
by using specialist enzymes to break down the long - chain cellulose molecules — and Brazil doesn't want to be left behind.
For tissue samples, lung or liver tissue was homogenized in a 15 mL Eppendorf tube
using a disposable microtube pestle (Eppendorf, San Diego, CA) and scalpel, and RNA extraction was then performed
using TRIzol LS (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), followed
by isopropanol precipitation and two washes in 70 %
ethanol.
While the new process is not nearly as dramatic, the healing of cut or broken e-skin, including the sensors, is done
by using a mix of three commercially available compounds in
ethanol, he said.
Each center's goal is aimed at establishing technologies to ease cellulose - to -
ethanol production
by overcoming obstacles
using woody materials.
Finally, the sections were mounted onto slides and dehydrated with a series of
ethanol washes followed
by two washes in xylenes, and then coverslips were added
using Eukitt mounting media.
A massive expansion of land
use for sugar cane growth in Brazil, and a subsequent increase in
ethanol production with the feedstock could reduce global carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector
by up to 86 percent of 2014 levels, according to research published in the October issue of the journal Nature Climate Change.
Alcohol or
ethanol is one of the world's oldest drink, and one which is
used by almost everyone.
«The
use of E85
ethanol fuel
by America's premier production sports car racing team in a high - profile, high - tech racing series like the ALMS shows that Chevy is continuing to lead
by example.»
The gas mileage is disappointing but does fall within Hyundai's spec when
using gasoline without
ethanol which lowers the mileage
by around 3.5 mpg.
For feedlot / dairy operations feeding a byproduct of an
ethanol or biodiesel facility: Borrowers are eligible for an interest buydown of up to 4.00 % which may be
used to reduce the borrower's interest rate on loans made
by a local lender and BND, subject to a minimum rate of 1.00 % to the borrower.
Today, the House Energy and Commerce Committee should be holding a hearing on advancing America's, and the world's, energy future
by initiating a sustained quest to break the economic shackles imposed
by enduring dependence on oil (that doesn't involve
using 40 percent of our corn crop to produce
ethanol in a world facing food price spikes).
Based on the just released Low Carbon Fuel Standard prepared
by the University of California for the Governor, «regular» gasoline as a value of 85 — 92 g CO2 eq / MJ, while natural gas has a value of ~ 80 g CO2 eq / MJ, electricity in California has an average value of 27 g CO2 eq / MJ (when
used to drive an electric vehicle), and cellulosic
ethanol derived from municipal solid waste is ~ 5 g CO2 eq / MJ.
The last drew a round of applause, and Mr. Clinton took the opportunity to endorse — perhaps controversially — the effort undertaken
by President Bush and Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva last year: To heavily promote the production and
use of
ethanol made from sugar cane throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.
Biofuels Digest quotes Barbassa as saying that gasoline has now become «the alternative fuel»: In fact Petrobras predicts that
by 2020 that the gasoline market for light vehicles will shrink
by 17 %, with
ethanol use increasing.
You then take that
ethanol and burn it into an internal combustion engine that is maybe 20 - 30 % efficient, and you end up with a tremendous amount of wasted energy... And you've
used up farmland that could instead have grown food for human consumption, increasing food prices
by reducing supply.
Among their suggestions were the following: expand conservation tillage to 100 percent of cropland, stop all deforestation, drive two billion cars on
ethanol, increase wind power 80-fold to make hydrogen for cars, replace 1,400 large coal - fired power plants with gas - fired ones, and cut electricity
use in buildings
by 25 percent.
Our land's highest, best
use is probably a mixture of solar farms in the driest and poorest areas which concentrate water
by runoff onto neighboring land
used either to return to nature and grow grass (with cows optional) to sequester carbon
by building soil and / or be periodically harvested to provide feed for cellulosic
ethanol.
I believe the mandate from the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 is to
use 35 billion gallons of
ethanol by 2022.
The greens, hawks, and farmers helped convince the Senate to add an
ethanol provision to the energy bill — now awaiting action
by a House - Senate conference committee — that would require refiners to more than double their
use of
ethanol to 8 billion gallons per year
by 2012.
Tennessee has the potential to produce billions of gallons of cellulosic
ethanol by using 4.5 million acres of land identified
by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as ideal for energy crop cultivation.
Mid-range gasoline -
ethanol blends (greater than 10 percent and less than 85 percent
ethanol) should only be
used in vehicles approved for their
use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The American Lung Association believes that air quality and public health may be harmed
by the increased
use of mid-range blends of
ethanol in vehicles and engines that are not designed to
use such fuels.
Canada currently maintains a 5 % domestic
ethanol mandate on
use while the U.S. is working towards a target of 136 billion liters of biofuels blended into transportation fuels
by 2022.
Biofuel programs pursued
by Europe and the United States during the last two decades caused an additional 41 million hectares of land to be
used for
ethanol and biodiesel production, an area the size of Germany.
A 2011 study
by the National Research Council found that
ethanol use could boost overall CO2 emissions.
And there was this: «
By using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land -
use change,» Timothy Searchinger of Princeton and other researchers reported in 2008, «we found that corn - based
ethanol, instead of producing a 20 percent savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increases greenhouse gases for 167 years.»
Making
ethanol from corn reduces atmospheric releases of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide because the CO2 emitted when the
ethanol burns is «canceled out»
by the carbon dioxide taken in
by the next crop of growing plants, which
use it in photosynthesis.
Almost as bad are regulations requiring the
use of corn
ethanol, which clearly only benefit corn producers and processors at the expense of gasoline users and illustrates how government interference in private markets can be
used by special interests to reallocate income to themselves.
For example, a 2012 study headed
by Michael Wang of the Argonne National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy projected that the corn - based
ethanol found at practically all U.S. fuel pumps would cut carbon emissions
by around 34 percent in 2015 (Table 7), even when considering changes in land
use.
California's LCFS also would have little or no impact on GHG emissions nationwide and would harm our nation's energy security
by discouraging the
use of Canadian crude oil — our nation's largest source of crude — and
ethanol produced in the American Midwest.
The illustrious green movement who killed nuclear power in 1970s and brought about global warming
by scrubbing shade - producing particulates from smokestacks and tailpipes are now bent on
using a ginned up catastrophic climate change scenario to keep the price of oil elevated in order to keep the profit incentive alive for stupid expensive alternatives like windmills and
ethanol from corn.