Parenting is linked to ethnicity and culture, as one research in the US has found that authoritative parenting style is mostly followed by the white families while authoritarian is common with
ethnic minority families such as African American, Asian American, and Hispanic American (1).
Not exact matches
Many persons who are not likely to join groups in churches and schools may do so if they're made available in
family counseling agencies» mental health services, youth organizations, business and industry, fraternal groups, self - help groups (
such as A.A., P.W.P., Alanon, etc.), and in the many organizations devoted to special needs of the handicapped, ex-prisoners, ex-patients, unwed parents,
minority groups of all kinds, senior citizens, community action groups,
ethnic organizations.
So there is evidence that some services are not meeting needs because of gendered and racial assumptions and that these are disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups,
such as young
families and
minority ethnic groups.
Exemptions cover groups
such as
ethnic minorities, rural
families with only a daughter and newly married couples who have no siblings.
In California, both NME and pertussis clusters were associated with factors characteristic of high socioeconomic status
such as lower population density; lower average
family size; lower percentage of racial or
ethnic minorities; higher percentage of high school, college, or graduate school graduates; higher median household income; and lower percentage of
families in poverty.
In addition, little knowledge is available on the effect of parenting support programmes delivered to immigrant parents.24 The few studies available have mostly shown little or no improvement in the mental health of immigrant parents25 26 or even poorer outcomes for immigrant
families27 and
families with low socioeconomic status.28 Scarcity of studies in this area may simply because few immigrant parents participate in
such programmes.24 Several studies have reported difficulties in recruiting and retaining immigrant parents in parenting support programmes.29 30 Factors
such as belonging to an
ethnic minority, low socioeconomic status, practical aspects or experienced alienation and discrimination all contribute to low participation.28 31 Other studies have demonstrated that low participation and a high dropout rate of immigrant parents are associated with a lack of cultural sensitivity in the intervention, poor information about the parenting programme and lack of trust towards professionals.24 A qualitative study conducted with Somali - born parents in Sweden showed that Somali parents experienced many societal challenges in the new country and in their parenting behaviours.
Family support programs may address the general population or target particular groups
such as
ethnic and cultural
minorities; adolescent parents; kinship caregivers; or
families facing health, mental health, or substance abuse issues.
[3,4] We are currently completing a systematic review of parenting programmes for
minority ethnic families and have found no evidence that parenting programmes are less effective with parents from
such groups than they are with those from majority
ethnic groups.
Several early
family characteristics (whether one or both parents from a
minority ethnic group, both parents» ages when their child was born, the number of children in the
family, adverse
family events
such as illnesses and deaths) are not associated with later father - child relationships.
The extent to which child and
family characteristics
such as educational level and
ethnic minority background impact intervention effectiveness might in part depend on the specific intervention evaluated.
Parental sensitivity and secure attachment appear to occur at a lower rate in
ethnic minority than in
ethnic majority
families, but
such differences can generally be ascribed to group differences in socioeconomic status and related social challenges.
Such findings suggest a need to more fully examine whether and how
family factors that have been consistently associated with diabetes management among Caucasians may generalize to Latinos or other
ethnic minorities.