Advocates seeking transparency for individual racial /
ethnic subgroups of students have been vocal in their opposition to the «super subgroup» approach.
Not exact matches
The variability in the breastfeeding practices
of ethnic subgroups is clearly demonstrated with data obtained from our previously published breastfeeding peer counseling (PC) randomized trial conducted in Hartford, Connecticut (6).
U.S. national data do not typically report the breastfeeding practices
of ethnic subgroups and can thus mask wide variation among
subgroups (5).
There is a common sentiment in Cameroon that if the Beti «
ethnic» group (Biya's Bulu «
ethnic» group is a
subgroup of the Beti) were to cede political power, violence would ensue.
About a thousand Asian Americans, most
of Chinese heritage, converged on the Legislative Office Building Thursday to support a bill that would ban the separation
of data about Connecticut's students into
ethnic subgroups in the public school system unless...
The large size and diverse racial /
ethnic makeup
of the Breast Cancer Family Registry allowed the researchers to evaluate mortality risk across different subtypes
of breast cancer and
subgroups of patients, and adjust for confounding factors.
Earlier this year researchers identified different
subgroups of tuberculosis that coincide with specific
ethnic populations, perhaps because they transmit best in those groups.
This led the team to hypothesize that a large fraction
of their newly disovered epigenetic markers
of ethnicity likely reflect biological signatures
of environmental, social, or cultural differences between
ethnic subgroups.
The researchers identified several hundred differences in methylation associated with either Mexican or Puerto Rican ethnicity, but discovered that only three - quarters
of the epigenetic difference between the two
ethnic subgroups could be accounted for by differences in the children's genetic ancestry.
The rest
of the epigenetic differences, the authors suggest, may reflect a biological stamp made by the different experiences, practices, and environmental exposures distinct to the two
ethnic subgroups.
The report gives only passing attention to the positive impact
of NCLB on the education
of the most disadvantaged students, a consequence
of the requirement to report performance by specific
subgroups (e.g., racial and
ethnic groups and the economically disadvantaged).
[12] The guidance does not explicitly prohibit aggregation
of data across racial and
ethnic subgroups in cases in which data for those disaggregated categories would be impossible to report due to sample sizes falling below the state's specified n - size.
[11] The same document prohibits states from combining «major racial and
ethnic subgroups... into a... «super-subgroup,» as a substitute for considering student data in each
of the major racial and
ethnic groups separately (emphasis added).»
For smaller American Indian / Alaskan Native and Hawaiian Native / Pacific Islander
subgroups, the majority
of students in the
subgroup remain uncovered if only students in that
subgroup are pooled: the «super
subgroup» strategy
of aggregating across racial /
ethnic groups is the only way to account for most students in these groups, although their data are not identifiable at the
subgroup level.
Two - year data averaging: using two school years» worth
of data on the racial /
ethnic subgroup for that grade level, so drawing on two cohorts
of students.
To put it simply, multiculturalism has less to do with any rigorous study
of other cultures than it does with
ethnic, gender, racial, or other
subgroup tension within the nations
of the West, the United States in particular.
NCLB holds schools accountable for performance
of subgroups — major racial and
ethnic groups, students with disabilities, and English - language learners.
He found no detectable benefit from mandated class size reduction — either for students in general or for any student
subgroup, racial,
ethnic, or level
of disadvantage.
One
of the key reasons for a possible disconnect is the law's requirement that not only the entire school but also racial,
ethnic, economic, and other
subgroups within the school make adequate yearly progress.
In addition, we control for determinants
of student achievement that may change over time, such as a teacher's experience level, as well as for student characteristics, such as prior - year test scores, gender, racial /
ethnic subgroup, special education classification, gifted classification, English proficiency classification, and whether the student was retained in the same grade.
(For survey methodology, see sidebar) Here we report the opinions
of both the public at large and three
ethnic subgroups (whites, African Americans, and Hispanics).
It made them report, separately, the scores
of traditionally disadvantaged
subgroups:
ethnic and racial minorities, disabled students, low - income students and English learners.
The few studies that examined relevant
subgroups of racial /
ethnic minority children identified noteworthy racial /
ethnic disparities.
Our call for more studies on racial /
ethnic subgroup disparities echoes a recommendation published 15 years ago by the AAP Task Force on Minority Children's Access to Pediatric Care that more attention be paid to the heterogeneity
of API populations.24
The federal government is permitting many schools to escape accountability for the progress
of racial or
ethnic subgroups under the No Child Left Behind Act, according to a computer analysis released by the Associated Press last week.
States must include each major racial /
ethnic subgroup in school accountability systems and can not use a combined «super
subgroup»
of minority students.
For a school or district to make adequate yearly progress, both the overall student population and each
subgroup of students — major racial and
ethnic groups, children from low - income families, students with disabilities, and students with limited proficiency in English — must meet or exceed the target set by the state.
This shift in focus creates a problem for certain
subgroups, such as students with limited English proficiency or students from racial or
ethnic backgrounds, because these individuals are frequently the ones on the lower grid
of the achievement gap.
No, it won't walk away from holding schools accountable for
subgroups of students that weren't supposed to be left behind: racial and
ethnic minorities, economically disadvantaged students, special - needs students and English learners.
Analyses
of candidates» 2014 portfolios revealed only small differences in performance across various
ethnic and racial
subgroups.
Before federal education officials exempted Indiana from the national accountability law, schools tracked the performance
of students in every socioeconomic and
ethnic «
subgroup» in their building.
In this section, each school district must list its annual goals for all students as well as for specific
subgroups of students (including racial /
ethnic subgroups, the three target
subgroups — English learners, low income students, and foster youth — and students with disabilities).
Taking a contrary view was board member Feliza Ortiz - Licon said Holaday's suggestion would dilute the purpose
of the new system, which is to clearly show achievement gaps among racial and
ethnic student
subgroups.
The main body
of this report documents gross disparities in the use
of out -
of - school suspension experienced by students with disabilities and those from historically disadvantaged racial,
ethnic, and gender
subgroups.
Three states — in addition to the law's assessment requirements — use another cut
of test score data such as improvement among
subgroups of students, including those from low - income families, students from major racial and
ethnic groups, students with disabilities, and English language learners.
In addition, states are required to disaggregate these indicators, excluding English language proficiency, by individual
subgroups of students, including those from low - income families, those from major racial and
ethnic groups, those with disabilities, and English language learners.
*
Subgroups include specific categories
of students such as students with disabilities, students from major racial and
ethnic groups, and English Language Learners.
That is the yawning differential
of academic skills within socioeconomic and
ethnic subgroups.
NCLB mandated that states judge schools and districts, and impose punishments, based on test scores
of the entire school and district and
of subgroups of students: different
ethnic groups, English language learners, children living in poverty and students with disabilities.
Authorizers must also place increases in student achievement for all
subgroups as the most important factor when determining whether to renew or revoke a school's charter - including the progress
of economically disadvantaged students, students from major racial and
ethnic groups, students with disabilities, and students with limited English proficiency.
The Ashanti Nation was a loose group
of fiefdoms, an
ethnic subgroup that was formed in 17th century Ghana as a trading coalition with the Europeans.
The more usual individualistic models
of marriage choice, which would consider this pattern «nonnormative» or «disorderly,» may not be appropriate for
ethnic subgroups such as the Hmong, where high educational expectations coexist with high rates
of early marriage and early childbearing.
The odds
of having comorbid disorders are higher than expected by chance for most racial /
ethnic subgroups, except when base rates
of disorders were already high or when cell sizes were small.
To ensure that the study included a sizable proportion
of racial /
ethnic minorities and low - income respondents for more accurate
subgroup analyses, there was also an oversampling
of US telephone exchanges that had a population
of 70 % or more
of African American, Hispanic, or low - income households.
The pattern
of common and specific correlates
of CD and ODD symptoms was replicated fairly consistently across the three racial /
ethnic subgroups.