Adherence to the three dietary patterns of Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean, which characterize the dietary habits of the Spanish population, was
evaluated, The Western pattern includes
consumption of large amounts of fatty
dairy products, refined grains, processed meat, caloric beverages, sweets, fast food, and sauces.
Among Swedish women, higher intakes of whole milk and cheese were inversely associated with weight gain; as in our study, significant associations with weight gain were not seen for other
dairy foods.41 In several long - term studies, inverse associations between
dairy consumption and the risk of insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, or diabetes were observed, 42,43 but potential mediating effects on weight change were not
evaluated.