Her thesis reported the first observation in the optical region of the spectrum of
the evanescent waves that are the basis of the present near - field optical technologies.
As it turns out, when objects are extremely close together, heat flows not just as electromagnetic waves, but as
evanescent waves — exponentially decaying waves that have little effect at the macroscale, as they typically die away before reaching another object.
At the nanoscale, however,
evanescent waves can play a large role in heat transfer, tunneling between objects and essentially releasing trapped energy in the form of extra heat.
Conventional materials can not amplify these so - called
evanescent waves, which fade intensely the farther they get from the object.
And in 2007 Zhang did even better by developing a lens that amplified the signal of
the evanescent waves.
But the layered structure of his half - cylinder - shaped hyperlens preserves
these evanescent waves, allowing incredibly tiny objects to be resolved.
Pendry thought that if metamaterials were built and positioned just right, they could pick up, preserve, and process
these evanescent waves, converting them into a form that could be resolved into useful images.
«You lose certain kinds of waves, called
evanescent waves, which don't travel far.