This brief reviews these issues, advancements in
event attribution science, and offers suggestions for improvement in communication.
In 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine released a report analyzing the state of extreme
event attribution science.
Burger isn't sure whether extreme
event attribution science is strong enough yet to stand up in court, but his team is in the middle of an in - depth analysis to answer just that question.
Not exact matches
The researchers involved in the effort stressed that the
science of
attribution, or of linking specific
events to climate change, is still young and evolving.
Still a young
science,
attribution research seeks to strengthen understanding of the factors that contribute to extreme
events.
In recent years, a brand of research called «climate
attribution science» has sprouted from this question, examining the impact of extreme
events to determine how much — often in fractional terms — is related to human - induced climate change, and how much to natural variability (whether in climate patterns such as the El Niño / La Niña - Southern Oscillation, sea - surface temperatures, changes in incoming solar radiation, or a host of other possible factors).
Such mixed results aren't unusual in
attribution science, which seeks to look for the causes, whether climate change or natural fluctuations, that change the odds of extreme weather
events.
This is possible and the emerging
science of extreme
event attribution is doing exactly that.
The team did not only look at specific
events however but also published a number of conceptual papers on
attribution as a
science, CPDN as a unique capability and climate modelling in general (10 - 15).
Noah Diffenbaugh, a senior fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment at Stanford University, said the new analysis represented a «valuable step» in
attribution work, a field of climate
science that's developed in the past decade in an effort to understand the role of climate change in specific extreme
events.
Although
attribution science is clearer for some types of
events than for others, it is an important step to provide predictive forecasts of extreme
events at longer lead times, reducing risks and improving preparedness.
However, from the perspective policymaking on adaptation, it may be helpful in future to develop much more specific
attribution capacity in the
science for the obvious reason that as part of the overall development of better forecasting of regional impacts /
events, it improves specific risk planning and claims for aid.
the
attribution of a specific heavy precipitation
event to human - caused GHG's is not an extra development in
science that is needed to add to the burden of proof regarding the human influence on climate already provided by the current scientific evidence.»
In summary, there is little new about climate
science in the report, and nothing at all new about
attribution of past warming and extreme weather
events to human activity, projections of future warming and its effects, or potential for catastrophic changes.
The
science of climate change «
attribution» — linking specific extreme weather
events to the effects of global warming — is making substantial progress, so it is becoming increasingly possible for scientists to tie particular weather patterns to climate change.
The report pays particular attention to extreme
events in the U.S., where the
science of
event attribution has evolved significantly, especially in the aftermath of recent extreme
events, for example, the recent California drought.
From «completely consistent with» to «ex cathedra
attribution» in one swell foop is «consistent with» every other ex cathedra proclamation of
attribution by «climate
science» to ACO2 whenever an undesirable
event, climate or otherwise, happens anywhere in the world.
Extreme weather
attribution is however an emerging and rapidly advancing
science, and there is increasing capacity to estimate the change in magnitude and occurrence of specific types of extreme
events in a warming world.
It consisted of two talks: «Communicating uncertainty in climate information: insights from the behavioural
sciences», by Andrea Taylor, University of Leeds (UK) «
Event attribution: from research to climate service», by Geert Jan van Oldenborgh, Royal National Meteorological Institute - KNMI (The Netherlands)
The
science of extreme
event attribution has advanced rapidly in recent years, giving new insight to the ways that human - caused climate change can influence the magnitude or frequency of some extreme weather
events.
Although the
science of
event attribution has developed rapidly in recent years, geographical coverage of
events remains patchy and based on the interests and capabilities of individual research groups.
Attribution of extreme
events is a challenging
science and one that is currently undergoing considerable evolution.
Whether and to what extend the
science of
event attribution is relevant in this context is amongst others being discussed at this weeks fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU).
Specifically, the
science of
attribution — looking at how much climate change increases the odds of any one particular
event occurring — has advanced remarkably.
Is
science making progress on the
attribution of any one extreme
event to climate change?
So Munich Re scientists (Hoeppe and E. Faust) publish in
Science that
attribution of losses to greenhouse gas emissions is not presently possible, and a Munich Re board member says that such
attribution is «very probably» leading to more extreme
events.
The research leading to these results has received funding under the EUCLEIA (EUropean Climate and weather
Events: Interpretation and
Attribution) project under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7 / 2007 -2013] under grant agreement no 607085 (PAS, NC, J - V, HvS, GvO, RV, PW, PY) PAS was partially supported by the UK - China Research & Innovation Partnership Fund through the Met Office Climate
Science for Service Partnership (CCSP) China as part of the Newton fund.
«Munich Re scientists (Hoeppe and E. Faust) publish in
Science that
attribution of losses to greenhouse gas emissions is not presently possible, and a Munich Re board member says that such
attribution is «very probably» leading to more extreme
events,» notes Pielke.
«The
science of
attribution now has the capability to calculate which part of an extreme
event can be attributed to climate change,» Saño says.
Saño is referring to an emerging body of
science authored by researchers from the University of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute known as Probabilistic
Event Attribution (PEA), which deals with examining to what extent extreme weather
events can be associated with past anthropogenic emissions.