Sentences with phrase «evidence of a causal relationship»

The debate revolved around the lack of consistent peer - reviewed, independent evidence of any causal relationship between DHA fortified - formulas and better eyesight in term babies.

This allows them to dissect behaviors in an incredibly precise manner and possibly even help develop evidence of causal relationships.

In applying a predefined algorithm, we identified strong evidence of a causal relationship for protective factors, including intake of vegetables, nuts, and monounsaturated fatty acids and Mediterranean, prudent, and high - quality dietary patterns, and harmful factors, including intake of trans — fatty acids and foods with a high glycemic index or load and a western dietary pattern.

Another possible explanation is that non-Hispanic blacks may be less susceptible to the metabolic effects of sugars, although this hypothesis needs to be further tested.12, 54,56 Finally, although observational studies are important in improving our understanding of nutrient - disease relationships, they should not be directly interpreted as evidence of causal relationships without considering other lines of evidence.57

We identified strong evidence of a causal relationship for protective factors, including intake of vegetables, nuts and monounsaturated fatty acids and Mediterranean, prudent and high - quality dietary patterns.

But unlike the Bennett Hypothesis, the effect of state appropriations on tuition at public colleges is not debated, and evidence of a causal relationship is routinely asserted with a simple graph showing tuition rising and per - student appropriations falling.

He became concerned with such issues as: the evidence of a causal relationship between common feeding practices and serious health problems; the perceived disconnect between the nutritional requirements of felis silvestris catus and all other species of cats; an industry with a vested interest in grain as the basis for its products; a veterinary education system with little nutritional teaching, subsidized by commercial pet food industries; a questionable government concept approval and oversight process; the economic inertia of maintaining the status quo; and the rejection of science - based belief systems on the extremes of both sides of the issue.

OTTAWA, Ontario — November 06, 2014 — The Canadian Wind Energy Association (CanWEA) welcomes new research by Health Canada, a summary of which, released today, concludes that there is no evidence of a causal relationship between exposure to wind turbine noise and self - reported medical illnesses and health conditions.

Not exact matches

Four of the 6 studies found no relationship between diphtheria - tetanus - pertussis vaccination and subsequent SIDS, 316, — , 319 and results of the other 2 studies suggested a temporal relationship but only in specific subgroup analysis.320, 321 In 2003, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences reviewed available data and concluded that «[t] he evidence favors rejection of a causal relationship between exposure to multiple vaccinations and SIDS.»

Our results don't really allow us to accurately predict the size of the effect — they're more about providing evidence that the relationship is actually causal, rather than the result of confounding or common risk factors.»

Through Mendelian randomization analysis — a method that uses a person's genetic background to assess causal relationships between correlated variables — Nowak et al. discovered evidence that insulin resistance reduced circulating levels of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) oleate and palmitoleate.

Based on the evidence provided by these studies, researchers from McMaster University in Ontario divided dietary interventions (or nutrients) into three categories: strong, moderate, or weak causal relationships between consumption and decreased — or increased — risk of developing heart disease.

«There are many degrees of separation and many bridges of evidence that would have to be crossed before you can establish a causal relationship,» Strong said.

It could be that IGF - 1 still matters while a person already has cancer regardless of vitamin d or any of its other cofactors, but the evidence for a causal relationship between serum IGF - 1 and incidence of cancers in the presence of good control for IGF - 1 receptors has been called into question and is supported by well - known mechanisms.

Is genetic evidence consistent with a causal relationship among waist - to - hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (a measure of abdominal adiposity), type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease?

Question Is genetic evidence consistent with a causal relationship among waist - to - hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (a measure of abdominal adiposity), type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease?

In addition, we found modest evidence to support a causal relationship for intake of fish, marine ω - 3 fatty acids, folate, whole grains, dietary vitamins E and C and beta carotene, alcohol, fruits, and fiber, and weak evidence of causation for intake of supplementary vitamin E and ascorbic acid, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and total fat, α - linolenic acid, meat, eggs, and milk.

Evidence from the negative - income - tax experiments carried out by the federal government between 1968 and 1982 showed only mixed effects of income on children's outcomes, and subsequent work by the University of Chicago's Susan Mayer cast doubt on any causal relationship between parental income and child well - being.

Your task is to show causal relationship as evidenced by supporting data rather than opinion of your friend.

Hawkins draws conclusions — infers important causal relationships — without any evidence of what «pre-treatment» conditions were like.

My issue with «indirect effects» is not with the causal relationship per se (though certainly rights deprivations must be reasonably foreseeable), but with the necessity of relying upon social science evidence to establish a rights breach.

These associations are statistically significant, but they should not be interpreted as evidence of a one - way, direct causal relationship.

High expressed emotion (EE) refers to affective attitudes and behaviors toward patients characterized by critical comments, hostility, and emotional over involvement (EOI).3 The construct has traditionally been applied to the study of familial relationships, and it is well established that levels of familial EE are significant predictors of outcome across a range of psychiatric and physical health conditions.4 A substantial body of this research has been carried out with people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and there is strong evidence that those living in high EE environments have a much higher risk of relapse than those living in low EE environments.5 The success of family intervention studies aiming to reduce high EE and relapses add to the support for a causal relationship.6, 7

It is also important to remember that, although longitudinal studies (by showing evidence of temporal order) are far more powerful than cross-sectional ones in the search for possible causal relationships, they still do not permit any strong causal inferences.