Sentences with phrase «evolutionary pressures»

When fishermen take large fish out of the population, they put evolutionary pressure on fish to stay small and mature quickly.

The amazing variety of human faces — far greater than that of most other animals — is the result of evolutionary pressure to make each of us unique and easily recognizable.

The study provides information that could help explain how evolutionary pressures have affected body shape among sand - dwelling animals.

So that put evolutionary pressure on the fungus to change.

That means that, compared with dogs, cats haven't faced as much evolutionary pressure to appeal to humans, the researchers say.

Other collective organisms such as slime molds must contend with evolutionary pressures both on the whole and on individuals.

The more children he has, thanks to what his contemporaries demand of him, the less evolutionary pressure there is for his female counterpart to have more.

The change could be the result of continued evolutionary pressure from selective breeding, or it could reflect a shift in the focus of British breeders who might value sprint speed over marathon speed.

Others say that although a nutrient - rich diet allows for bigger brains, it wouldn't be enough by itself to serve as a selective evolutionary pressure.

For some of the traits, it's easy to identify evolutionary pressures that could have favored certain mutations.

Never before have bacteria encountered such colossal evolutionary pressure.

We have very strong evidence of rapid evolution in some species that interact with cane toads, but in lots of other species (probably including Dahl's Aquatic Frog), the predators are so good at learning quickly that they just delete toads from their diet — and so, there really isn't much evolutionary pressure for them to adapt to toads — they can deal with them simply by learning not to eat them.

Island dwarfism is thought to result from intense natural selection caused by evolutionary pressures of living on islands (e.g., increased competition for limited resources)[43].

Summers says that ecology probably exerts evolutionary pressures on parenting in other species, including humans.

«It's a very compelling case for the importance of evolutionary pressures in controlling the magnitude of the immune response,» says Kevin Tracey, an immunologist and head of the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, New York.

Evolution of jawed vertebrates and bony fish created evolutionary pressure that boosted cephalopod diversification some 100 million years ago

Models suggest that far fewer modified pests would need to be released, on the other hand the ability to control such constructs post-release, or to assure their on - going function in the face of strong evolutionary pressures, is less clear; it may therefore be harder to gain regulatory and public approval for self - sustaining approaches.

Natural gene sequences have been shaped in response to many different evolutionary pressures, but are rarely optimal for aspects of «biotechnological fitness,» such as maximized protein yield or optimal expression control.

In framing my approach to these questions, I contemplate how evolutionary pressures such as disease transmission, coordination problems, and intra-sexual competition might be relevant to the emergence of the psychological mechanisms that produce within - group cooperation and between - group conflict.

«They may have derived from much older small - bodied ancestors, or adapted to evolutionary pressures occurring in small and isolated populations,» says Will.

Will and colleagues say evolutionary pressures that may have contributed include «cladogenesis»: the splitting of a lineage, with one line — the smaller - bodied one, in this case — becoming extinct, perhaps as a result of inter-species competition.

Healthy people might take the pill, says Heiden, because by reducing food intake they could mimic evolutionary pressures that slow aging.

To prevent this, we need antibiotics that cure the disease without killing the bacteria, so the bugs are not put under evolutionary pressure to mutate.

Co-author William Murphy, a geneticist at Texas A&M University, College Station, says the cat genome appears to have undergone less intense and more recent evolutionary pressure than that of dogs; that's not surprising, considering that dogs may have lived with us for up to 30,000 years.

Taking the full course of antibiotics unnecessarily wastes medicine, and more drugs translates to increased evolutionary pressure on the harmless bacteria in our bodies.

«In post-industrial environments where foods are abundant and readily available, our cravings for fat and sugar sculpted by distant evolutionary pressures can easily go into insatiable overdrive and lead to obesity, diabetes, and heart disease -LRB-...) the pro-social needs and rewards [of smartphone use as a means to connect] can similarly be hijacked to produce a manic theatre of hyper - social monitoring,» the authors write in their paper.

Environmental «noise» is a key evolutionary pressure that shapes the interconnections within cells, as well as those of neural networks and bacterial / ecological networks, they observe in a paper to be published online April 30 by the Journal of the Royal Society Interface.

Richer people ignore evolutionary pressures to have lots of children, preferring a smaller family to maintain their socioeconomic status

He hypothesized that altered evolutionary pressures may have contributed to the loss of the ability to fly in birds like the Galapagos cormorant.

The second phase, the advent of agriculture worldwide, placed new evolutionary pressures on plants and animals that had «unprecedented and enduring» effects on the distribution of species, according to the paper.

A Snowball to Acidic Hothouse swing would have greatly added to already high evolutionary pressures from anaerobic extinctions through genetic isolation of selective survival adaptations and may have led singled - celled eukaryotic organisms to cooperate together physically and form the first multi-cellular lifeforms.

«This will also provide us with key information about how evolutionary pressure affects the emergence of diseases, and not only what proteins are involved but also what protein modifications are required for normal functioning.»

Yet Mattson believes that such evolutionary pressures selected for genes that strengthened brain areas involved in learning and memory, which increased the odds of finding food and surviving.

The small size and tameness of island foxes are traits often linked to insular evolutionary pressures [1].

Our data suggest that the rapid evolution of unique behavioral and morphological features associated with island endemism in U. littoralis is the result of close interaction with humans as well as island evolutionary pressures and climate change.

That apparently means that people are not afraid of superbugs developing due to the constant evolutionary pressure of low levels of antibiotics in the environment.

The urban environment could be exerting evolutionary pressures on the bird songs, meaning that birds with a higher - pitched repertoire are more successful at mating.

He isolated genetic mutations that altered the structure of the ASPM protein and thus could have affected brain size, while weeding out the random mutations that had no structural effect and hence would have been unaffected by evolutionary pressures.

The problem is that selective harvesting has been counterproductive, altering natural ecosystems and creating evolutionary pressures that end up harming fisheries.

When we're staring death in the face, Nelson says, there's strong evolutionary pressure to remember every detail.

They decided that meant there was just as much evolutionary pressure on herbivores to develop the brain power to escape when being hunted as there was on hunters to capture prey.

«If carriers are more likely to survive and reproduce, then evolutionary pressure might favor carriers in the long term, as is seen for sickle cell anemia and malaria infection.»

Results, which were published in the June 1 issue of PLoS Computational Biology, have implications for how evolutionary pressures can improve the function of receptor systems by selectively optimizing a few fundamental dynamical parameters.