When researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland,
examined tumor tissue from the original man with colon cancer who responded to a PD - 1 inhibitor, they found a clue: His tumor had mutations in «mismatch repair» genes, so - called because their encoded proteins fix errors in DNA bases when cells replicate their DNA.
Whereas traditional stratification is based on
examining the tumor tissue, cancer medicine is rapidly moving toward stratification based on the tumor's molecular makeup.
Sometimes, after
examining tumor tissue, the tumor is diagnosed as a metastatic brain tumor but the patient has no history of cancer.
Not exact matches
This pilot research builds on an earlier study by Milovancev and collaborators that
examined the ability of MRIs and CT angiograms to detect cancerous lesions related to FISS, and another study that looked at three methods for assessing margins for canine mast cell
tumors and soft
tissue sarcomas.
To determine local immune control, where the invasive
tissue interfaces with normal cells, post-birth placentas and stage - four melanoma
tumors were
examined.
We were in the CT scanner room, where I was
examining tissue extracted from a
tumor in a young woman's chest.
Various genetic testing methods were used to
examine lung
tumors, uninvolved lung
tissue and normal - appearing airways located varying distances from the
tumors.
On average, the pancreatic cancer patients
examined in the study carried 15 LINE - 1 insertions in their
tumor DNA that were not in healthy
tissue.
Furthermore, we
examined the expression of KLF4 in brain metastatic
tissues by immunohistochemistry and found that KLF4 was expressed more in the nucleus and significantly less in cytosol in brain metastatic
tissues compared with primary
tumors (Fig. 6C and D).
«To our knowledge, this is the first naked RNA nanoparticles to have been comprehensively
examined pharmacologically in vivo and demonstrated to be safe, as well as deliver itself to
tumor tissues by a specific targeting mechanism,» he says.
Dr. Jain is regarded as a trailblazer in the study of
tumor microenvironment,
examining in detail the notion that the relationships between
tumors and their surrounding non-
tumor tissue — including blood vessels — are essential determinants of disease progression, therapeutic efficacy, and patient prognosis.
Examining expression levels of H2AX in breast cancer
tumor data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, a large National Institutes of Health database containing genetic information about
tumor tissue from more than 11,000 patients, the Roswell Park team found that breast cancer patients whose
tumors had high levels of H2AX had a significantly worse prognosis than those with low levels.
When the team first
examined the microbial composition of intestinal biopsies, they saw the bacterial strains in the
tumors and surrounding
tissues of colon cancer patients differed from the bacterial strains in the gut of healthy individuals.
The pathologist
examining the biopsy
tissue uses different cellular criteria of malignancy to grade the
tumor as Grade I, Grade II, or Grade III.
Cells from the biopsy
tissue are then
examined under the microscope and the
tumor is assessed as high grade (aggressive), intermediate, or low - grade (slow - growing).