*
Excess factor returns are factor returns after subtracting market beta (i.e., the returns of a market index).
Value has turned in the strongest
excess factor returns over the past 10 years, while momentum and quality delivered the highest excess returns over the past year (as of 3/31/18)
Not exact matches
From an asset manager's point of view, «we believe that the proper use of sustainability or ESG
factors enlarges your view of the company you're investing in, helps you manage risk, and is going to be helpful to you in identifying companies that are going to deliver
excess returns for your clients,» says Bertocci.
Smart beta ETF investors seem to ignore empirical evidence
Excess returns from smart beta are substantially different from
factor returns Smart beta ETFs offer little diversification for an equity - centric portfolio INTRODUCTION Assets under management in smart beta products surpassed $ 1 trillion in
Returns by media type are similar whether measured simply in
excess of the risk - free rate or adjusted for multiple risk
factors common to long / short U.S. equity hedge funds.
SUMMARY Smart beta ETFs are based on
factor investing research
Excess returns from smart beta ETFs are different from
factor returns Investors need to be aware that smart beta ETFs offer little diversification for an equity - centric portfolio INTRODUCTION Blackrock, a provider of active and passive
They calculate alpha for each fund each month as the difference between next - month
excess return minus expected
return based on fund
factor loadings from a regression over the last 60 months.
SUMMARY It's difficult to rationalise why there should be
excess returns from high quality stocks The Quality
factor needs to be constructed beta - neutral to achieve positive
returns Exposure to the Quality
factor is an attractive hedge for an equity - centric portfolio INTRODUCTION The concept of
They employ three distinct methods to measure long - run abnormal
returns: (1) calendar - time three -
factor (market, size, book - to - market ratio) portfolio alpha; (2) three -
factor alpha in event time; and, (3)
returns in
excess of those for control stocks matched on size, book - to - market ratio and six - month past
return.
Even though investing in the best decile of a composite of value
factors averages out to have
excess returns of almost four percent annualized, when looking at shorter investment periods it only works a little better than two out of three years on a one - year basis.
Many institutional strategies derive
excess returns by implicitly shorting those exact same risk
factors.»
They evaluate
factor portfolio performance based on
excess return of constituent corporate bonds versus duration - matched U.S. Treasuries (thereby focusing on the default premium component of corporate bond
returns).
Such statements reflect the current views of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Noble's products, low growth or declining sales and net income due to various
factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Noble's computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service, effects of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction of the device business, including possible reduction in sales of content, accessories and other merchandise and other adverse financial impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that returns from consumers or channels of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate of investment spend, higher - than - anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance of Barnes & Noble's online, digital and other initiatives, the success of Barnes & Noble's strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated adverse litigation results or effects, product and component shortages, the potential adverse impact on the Company's businesses resulting from the Company's prior reviews of strategic alternatives and the potential separation of the Company's businesses, the risk that the transactions with Microsoft and Pearson do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in excess of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Media's applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution of those applications is not achieved, risks associated with the international expansion contemplated by the relationship with Microsoft, including that it is not successful or is delayed, the risk that NOOK Media is not able to perform its obligations under the Microsoft and Pearson commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, risks associated with the restatement contained in, the delayed filing of, and the material weakness in internal controls described in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, risks associated with the SEC investigation disclosed in the quarterly report on Form 10 - Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 26, 2013, risks associated with the ongoing efforts to rationalize the NOOK business and the expected costs and benefits of such efforts and associated risks and other factors which may be outside of Barnes & Noble's control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with t
factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Noble's computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service, effects of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction of the device business, including possible reduction in sales of content, accessories and other merchandise and other adverse financial impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that
returns from consumers or channels of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate of investment spend, higher - than - anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance of Barnes & Noble's online, digital and other initiatives, the success of Barnes & Noble's strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated adverse litigation results or effects, product and component shortages, the potential adverse impact on the Company's businesses resulting from the Company's prior reviews of strategic alternatives and the potential separation of the Company's businesses, the risk that the transactions with Microsoft and Pearson do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in
excess of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Media's applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution of those applications is not achieved, risks associated with the international expansion contemplated by the relationship with Microsoft, including that it is not successful or is delayed, the risk that NOOK Media is not able to perform its obligations under the Microsoft and Pearson commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, risks associated with the restatement contained in, the delayed filing of, and the material weakness in internal controls described in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, risks associated with the SEC investigation disclosed in the quarterly report on Form 10 - Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 26, 2013, risks associated with the ongoing efforts to rationalize the NOOK business and the expected costs and benefits of such efforts and associated risks and other
factors which may be outside of Barnes & Noble's control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with t
factors which may be outside of Barnes & Noble's control, including those
factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with t
factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk
Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with t
Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with the SEC.
Such statements reflect the current views of Barnes & Noble with respect to future events, the outcome of which is subject to certain risks, including, among others, the effect of the proposed separation of NOOK Media, the general economic environment and consumer spending patterns, decreased consumer demand for Barnes & Noble's products, low growth or declining sales and net income due to various
factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Noble's computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service, effects of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction of the device business, including possible reduction in sales of content, accessories and other merchandise and other adverse financial impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that returns from consumers or channels of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate of investment spend, higher - than - anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance of Barnes & Noble's online, digital and other initiatives, the success of Barnes & Noble's strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated adverse litigation results or effects, product and component shortages, risks associated with the commercial agreement with Samsung, the potential adverse impact on the Company's businesses resulting from the Company's prior reviews of strategic alternatives and the potential separation of the Company's businesses (including with respect to the timing of the completion thereof), the risk that the transactions with Pearson and Samsung do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in excess of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Media's applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution of those applications is not achieved, risks associated with the international expansion previously undertaken, including any risks associated with a reduction of international operations following termination of the Microsoft commercial agreement, the risk that NOOK Media is not able to perform its obligations under the Pearson and Samsung commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, the risks associated with the termination of Microsoft commercial agreement, including potential customer losses, risks associated with the restatement contained in, the delayed filing of, and the material weakness in internal controls described in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, risks associated with the SEC investigation disclosed in the quarterly report on Form 10 - Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 26, 2013, risks associated with the ongoing efforts to rationalize the NOOK business and the expected costs and benefits of such efforts and associated risks and other factors which may be outside of Barnes & Noble's control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended May 3, 2014, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with t
factors, possible disruptions in Barnes & Noble's computer systems, telephone systems or supply chain, possible risks associated with data privacy, information security and intellectual property, possible work stoppages or increases in labor costs, possible increases in shipping rates or interruptions in shipping service, effects of competition, possible risks that inventory in channels of distribution may be larger than able to be sold, possible risks associated with changes in the strategic direction of the device business, including possible reduction in sales of content, accessories and other merchandise and other adverse financial impacts, possible risk that component parts will be rendered obsolete or otherwise not be able to be effectively utilized in devices to be sold, possible risk that financial and operational forecasts and projections are not achieved, possible risk that
returns from consumers or channels of distribution may be greater than estimated, the risk that digital sales growth is less than expectations and the risk that it does not exceed the rate of investment spend, higher - than - anticipated store closing or relocation costs, higher interest rates, the performance of Barnes & Noble's online, digital and other initiatives, the success of Barnes & Noble's strategic investments, unanticipated increases in merchandise, component or occupancy costs, unanticipated adverse litigation results or effects, product and component shortages, risks associated with the commercial agreement with Samsung, the potential adverse impact on the Company's businesses resulting from the Company's prior reviews of strategic alternatives and the potential separation of the Company's businesses (including with respect to the timing of the completion thereof), the risk that the transactions with Pearson and Samsung do not achieve the expected benefits for the parties or impose costs on the Company in
excess of what the Company anticipates, including the risk that NOOK Media's applications are not commercially successful or that the expected distribution of those applications is not achieved, risks associated with the international expansion previously undertaken, including any risks associated with a reduction of international operations following termination of the Microsoft commercial agreement, the risk that NOOK Media is not able to perform its obligations under the Pearson and Samsung commercial agreements and the consequences thereof, the risks associated with the termination of Microsoft commercial agreement, including potential customer losses, risks associated with the restatement contained in, the delayed filing of, and the material weakness in internal controls described in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2013, risks associated with the SEC investigation disclosed in the quarterly report on Form 10 - Q for the fiscal quarter ended October 26, 2013, risks associated with the ongoing efforts to rationalize the NOOK business and the expected costs and benefits of such efforts and associated risks and other
factors which may be outside of Barnes & Noble's control, including those factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended May 3, 2014, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with t
factors which may be outside of Barnes & Noble's control, including those
factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended May 3, 2014, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with t
factors discussed in detail in Item 1A, «Risk
Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended May 3, 2014, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with t
Factors,» in Barnes & Noble's Annual Report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended May 3, 2014, and in Barnes & Noble's other filings made hereafter from time to time with the SEC.
However, another contributing
factor has arguably been the Fed's extraordinarily easy monetary policy suppressing volatility and hindering active managers» ability to generate
excess returns via security selection and portfolio tilts.
Some of these
factors include above average earnings per - share growth rates, above average
return on equity,
excess free cash flow, low debt - to - equity ratios, and shareholder friendly management.
Since the 1950s, several
factors besides sheer risk have been identified that help explain
excess returns over time.
Some of these
factors include above - average earnings per - share growth rates, above - average
return on equity,
excess - free cash flow, low debt - to - equity ratios, and shareholder - friendly management.
Multiple empirical studies show that these
factors have exhibited
excess returns above the market.
While
factors have exhibited
excess risk - adjusted
returns over long time periods as seen above, over short horizons
factors exhibit significant cyclicality, including periods of underperformance.
(A backtest is simply a statistical look at historical data to determine whether employing a given investment
factor, such as selecting stocks with low price - earnings ratios, results in
excess returns over time; i.e.,
returns above a stock market benchmark.)
Founded in 1992 by Eugene Fama and Kenneth French, the Fama and French's Three
Factor model uses three
factors, including HML, to attempt to explain
excess returns in a manager's portfolio.
Speaking of stock selection methodologies, Richard Tortoriello of Standard & Poor's backtested more than 1,200 strategies to determine what
factors were predictive of future «
excess returns.»
Therefore, blending
factors to form multifactor portfolios may potentially help deliver smoother
excess return across business and market cycles.
«Investors opt for this approach because they want to capture a
return from a particular
factor — for example, the value premium, rather than make
excess returns from getting market timing right,» he continues.
Three
factors: issue selection (including investment decisions on seniority / subordination, covenant protection, maturity, and bond versus CDS exposures), sector weighting, and quality tilt typically contribute the majority of any
excess returns relative to the benchmark.
These
factors together contribute the balance of any
excess returns versus the benchmark.
The company size
factor reflects the
excess return that investors demand for investing in smaller companies relative to larger companies.
At 100 % gross exposure to each strategy, we compute the
excess returns, volatilities, and Sharpe ratios of the three
factors:
Their main performance metric is 7 -
factor hedge fund alpha, which corrects for seven risks proxied by: (1) S&P 500 Index
excess return; (2) difference between Russell 2000 Index and S&P 500 Index
returns; (3) 10 - year U.S. Treasury note (T - note) yield, adjusted for duration, minus 3 - month U.S. Treasury bill yield; (4) change in spread between Moody's BAA bond and T - note, adjusted for duration; and, (5 - 7)
excess returns on straddle options portfolios for currencies, commodities and bonds constructed to replicate trend - following strategies in these asset classes.
They calculate alpha for each fund each month as the difference between next - month
excess return minus expected
return based on fund
factor loadings from a regression over the last 60 months.
They focus on net fund alphas, meaning after - fee
returns in
excess of the risk - free rate, adjusted for exposures to three kinds of risk
factors well known at the start of the sample period: (1) traditional equity market, bond market and credit
factors; (2) dynamic stock size, stock value, stock momentum and currency carry
factors; and, (3) a volatility
factor specified as monthly
returns from buying one - month, at ‐ the ‐ money S&P 500 Index calls and puts and holding to expiration.
We use risk
factor to mean
factors whose premia are compensation for risk and behavioral
factors to mean
factors whose premia are
excess returns from exploiting behavioral mistakes.
Substantial evidence supports
factor return predictability, yet evidence also indicates that investors are not reaping, to the greatest extent possible, the
excess returns commensurate with such knowledge.
Evidently, a large part of the 351 bps of
excess return before trading costs comes from sources unrelated to the target
factors.
First, can the global
factors explain the average
excess returns associated with the regional portfolios of Table 1?
She defines idiosyncratic volatility as the standard deviation of daily residuals from monthly regressions of
returns (in
excess of the risk - free rate) for each stock versus Fama - French model
factors.
Figure 2, Panel A, plots the historical
excess return and historical volatility, and Panel B the five - year expected
return and expected volatility, at year - end 2016 for a number of common
factors in the US market, constructed as long — short portfolios.
Despite the fact that many single -
factor strategies have empirically delivered positive
excess returns in the long run, they have suffered periods of substantial underperformance under certain market conditions due to their cyclicality.
Range of
excess returns in
factor - based portfolios: Current vs historical (Calendar quarters from 1/1/08 -3 / 31/18)
The reason for this smoothing is that
excess returns of
factors are generally un - or low - correlated, and thus tend to cancel «bumps» in portfolio
returns.
Factor investing is a well - documented method of generating
excess returns, but some of the practical aspects of it are often overlooked in academic research, which tends to focus on «pure» premiums.
Here is the cumulative
excess return of the cheapest stocks by a few different measures of value between 1963 and 1993, when the paper was published, and then, below that, the same cumulative
excess for the
factors between 1993 and 2015, and finally between just 2007 and 2015.
They analyzed
returns using a traditional three -
factor model espoused by Eugene Fama and Kenneth French, which considers
excess returns, valuation and market size, and Mark Carhart's four -
factor model, which includes momentum.
Multi-
Factor Smart Beta Strategies The low and negative correlations across the
excess returns of the six
factor - based smart betas indicates strong diversification benefits by combining the strategies into a multi-
factor portfolio.
Factor - Based Smart Betas The prospect of an average annualized excess return of nearly 5 % across six robust and largely independent factors helps explain the strong investor demand for factor inve
Factor - Based Smart Betas The prospect of an average annualized
excess return of nearly 5 % across six robust and largely independent
factors helps explain the strong investor demand for
factor inve
factor investing.
The authors examined the 3 -
Factor (Fama / French 3
Factor Model) adjusted
excess returns (alpha) of 3,156 actively managed mutual funds between 1984 to 2006.
They are: (1) a market
factor, as measured by the
excess return of a broad equity market portfolio relative to a risk - free rate; (2) a size
factor, as measured by the difference between the
returns of a portfolio of small stocks and the
returns of a portfolio of large stocks; and (3) a value
factor, as measured by the difference between the
returns of a portfolio of high book - to - market (or value) stocks and the
returns of a portfolio of low book - to - market (or growth) stocks.
They then compared these aggregate results to a distribution of potential 3 -
factor (Fama / French Three Factor Model) adjusted excess returns (alpha) based on random out
factor (Fama / French Three
Factor Model) adjusted excess returns (alpha) based on random out
Factor Model) adjusted
excess returns (alpha) based on random outcomes.
Most strategies earn an
excess return over the market benchmark, but in each of the international markets we study, a couple of the
factor - based smart beta strategies generate mildly negative value - add.