On some missions, such as NASA's Curiosity Mars rover (now deep into its third Earth year seeking signs
of habitable conditions on the Red
Planet), the
excess heat from the MMRTG can also be used to keep spacecraft systems warm in cold environments.
This
heat builds up after several decades and releases that
excess over the following decades: cold then hot, cold again then hot again, these synods, also called grand planetary alignments, are
of different strengths due to the varying perihelia and aphelia
of the four gas giants, especially Jupiter which is the closest to the Sun and more massive than all other Solar System's
planets and moons combined.