Much of the cost comes from
excess premature deaths, the study authors said.
Not exact matches
Bartick and her co-author Arnold Reinhold found that most of the
excess costs are due to
premature deaths.
If exposures to fine particles do not increase the risk of
premature deaths, then most of the regulations in the study are less likely to have economic benefits in
excess of their costs.
The study, published in Nature, shows these
excess emissions alone lead to 38,000
premature deaths annually worldwide, including 1,100
deaths in the United States.
In addition to the increase in
premature deaths, the researchers estimate that Volkswagen's
excess emissions will contribute directly to 31 cases of chronic bronchitis and 34 hospital admissions involving respiratory and cardiac conditions.
While caloric
excess leads to insulin resistance, cardiometabolic disease and
premature death, caloric restriction prevents and cures these traits.
Studies have shown that
excess iodine causes thyroid injury by generating reactive oxygen species, which lead to
premature damage and programmed cell
death in thyroid tissues.
Just like with people,
excess weight can cause a variety of health problems, including diabetes, arthritis, respiratory issues, and
premature death — roughly two to two - and - a-half years — all reasons enough to cut back on the treats and increase exercise.
Considering extreme events over the current millennium so far — including several mentioned above — I arrive at the unscientific but not unreasonable rough estimate that climate change so far has cost on the order of 100,000
premature deaths and in
excess of $ 100 billion US.
The bottom line:
excess NOx caused 38,000
premature deaths in 2015.