Of the remaining features, about 75 % represent single -
exon transcripts, leaving 756 and 847 putatively novel multi-exonic genes expressed in the VNO and OM respectively.
We focused on a de novo six
exon transcript that is extremely highly expressed in the VNO (the 6th most abundant in the transcriptome) and a second, less abundantly expressed novel transcript located adjacent to it in the genome that has OM expression.
Not exact matches
Researchers know that cells chop single genes into shorter pieces called
exons, which they mix and match into one
transcript for creating a protein.
Clariom D Pico assays allow discovery of coding and noncoding genes,
exons, and splicing events, including rare
transcripts, expanding the potential for finding novel biomarkers missed by alternative techniques.
Primary miRNA
transcripts, or pri - miRNAs, are quickly processed into mature miRNAs from hairpin structures located in the
exons or introns of pri - miRNA
transcripts.
Instead, most SMN2
transcripts lack a critical
exon, and the resulting protein is unstable and is degraded.
This introduces a stop codon in the sequence of the normally spliced
transcript and it also creates a new splice donor site in
exon 2.
The vast majority of receptor genes contain several
exons and it is common to observe differential inclusion of these, diversifying the
transcript set produced from each gene.
The removal of
exon 3 resulted in a deletion of the RNA binding domain and a frame - shift in the remaining
transcript.
Instead, a single novel
transcript corresponding to the size of the predicted chimeric
transcript consisting of the truncated Boule and beta - geo (a
transcript containing
exon 1, 2 and lacZ, Figure 4C) is present.
OR and V1R genes typically have coding regions that span a single
exon, but we identified 54 OR and 15 V1R genes where at least one of the reconstructed
transcripts has an intron within the protein coding sequence (as annotated in Ensembl).
(D) RT - PCR using primers spanning
exons 2 to 4 further confirmed the complete absence of wild type
transcripts.
Using primers spanning all 12
exons, we found two major Boule
transcripts, both of which were most highly expressed in the adult testis.
We further confirmed the absence of wild type Boule
transcripts by the more sensitive RT - PCR and did not detect
exon 3 in the mutant
transcript.
A few receptor genes have more than 8 different isoforms (38 VRs and 10 ORs), however in most of these cases this is due to the presence of several transcription start sites (TSS) or
exons that differ in length by just a few nucleotides, so several of the final
transcripts differ only very slightly (Figure S7B).
Indeed, most alternative
exons do not seem to be under selective pressure, suggesting that a large majority of predicted alternative
transcripts may not even be translated into proteins.
Nanopore sequencing of full - length BRCA1 mRNA
transcripts reveals co-occurrence of known
exon skipping events
Although Nelson et al. observed only 2 % genome editing in one experiment, they found the
exon - skipped
transcript constituted 59 % of total dystrophin mRNA, similar to the 39 % observed by Tabebordbar et al..
In conjunction with these strains, several cre transgenic strains have been created where BAC engineering was used to insert an intron containing cre or creERT2 cassettes, followed by a polyadenylation sequence to terminate transcription of the fusion
transcript immediately after the recombinase gene, into the BAC vector at the initiating ATG codon in the first coding
exon of the gene.
Clinical trials have used oligonucleotide
exon skipping (OEN) to remove mutated
exons from the dystrophin
transcript.
Very recently the causal mutation has been identified by two research groups almost simultaneously, as a large genomic deletion of ADAM9 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain, family member 9) that removes
exons 15 and 16 of the ADAM9
transcript [53, 54] and generates a premature stop codon that is predicted to result in a truncated protein that lacks critical domains.