Not exact matches
The most important of these was an apparent mismatch between the instrumental
surface temperature record (which showed significant
warming over recent decades, consistent with a human impact) and the balloon and satellite atmospheric records (which showed little of the
expected warming).
«We
expected the storm would definitely get stronger because of much
warmer sea
surface temperature,» Lau said.
Most climatologists
expect that on average the atmospheres water vapor content will increase in response to
surface warming caused by the long - lived greenhouse gases, further accelerating the overall
warming trend.
It represents the
warming at the earth's
surface that is
expected after the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere doubles and the climate subsequently stabilizes (reaches equilibrium).
Over the course of coming decades, though, trade wind speed is
expected to decrease from global
warming, Thunell says, and the result will be less phytoplankton production at the
surface and less oxygen utilization at depth, causing a concomitant increase in the ocean's oxygen content.
Rosetta project scientist Matt Taylor says that early results from some of the orbiter's instruments show that the
surface is slightly
warmer than
expected — an indication that it is more dusty and porous than icy.
Surface winds near the East Antarctic coast are
expected to intensify in the next century due to
warming.
It bears stating again that the
expected amplification has nothing to do with the greenhouse effect — it is just a function of the
surface warming.
This is
expected to have a cooling effect on
surface temperatures, which would offset the
warming effect of high carbon dioxide concentrations.
While the new RSS v4 record shows about 5 % more
warming than
surface records since 1979, this behavior would to some extent be
expected.
If the recent intensification of the cool spot were caused by a recent AMOC slowdown you would
expect to see
warming of intermediate waters under a cool fresh water
surface layer.
For example, if global
warming were due to increased solar output, we would
expect to see all layers of the atmosphere
warm, and more
warming during the day when the
surface is bombarded with solar radiation than at night.
Gore indicated that it is primarily Hurricane intensities which scientists largely agree should be
expected to increase in association with
warming surface temperatures, and specifically notes that
If more of the heat from global
warming is going into the ocean, does that reduce the amount of
surface warming (both transiently and long - term) that we should
expect from doubling CO2?
«While we
expected this to reduce the influence from clouds, we find that clouds forming in the Arctic appear to further
warm the
surface, especially in the fall and winter.»
You can
expect a clear,
warm sound that makes it particularly impressive when watching movies on the
Surface.
Although the January - November year - to - date global ranking is 4th
warmest, the effect of continued presence of La Niña conditions on the December global
surface temperature is
expected to result in a slightly lower ranking for the year as a whole.
Meanwhile, the global
surface temperature for 2007 is
expected to be fifth
warmest since records began in 1880.
But I thought that the lower atmosphere was
expected to
warm faster than the
surface (when comparing global, land + ocean trends).
«The global annual temperature for combined land and ocean
surfaces for 2007 is
expected to be near 58.0 °F and would be the fifth
warmest since records began in 1880.
Soundbite version: «Global
warming is
expected to increase sea
surface temperatures, create a thicker and
warmer ocean
surface layer, and increase the moisture in the atmosphere over the oceans — all conditions that should lead to a general increase in hurricane intensity and maybe frequency.»
And once again, if all this is right, we should not
expect immediate evidence of global
warming in measurements of
surface temperatures.
Large variability reduces the number of new records — which is why the satellite series of global mean temperature have fewer
expected records than the
surface data, despite showing practically the same global
warming trend: they have more short - term variability.
In other words, global
warming will lead to less North Atlantic hurricanes, not more as had been generally
expected because of the rise in sea
surface temperatures.
As far as I know there is no reason to
expect greenhouse
warming to increase the lapse rate near the
surface.
The paleoclimate record (8.2 kyr, and earlier «large lake collapses») shows a dramatic drop in
surface temperatures for a substantial period of time when the ocean circulation shuts off or changes, but is that actually what would be
expected under these
warming conditions?
«The climate patterns responsible for the
expected above - normal 2007 hurricane season continue to be the ongoing multi-decadal signal (the set of oceanic and atmospheric conditions that have spawned increased Atlantic hurricane activity since 1995),
warmer - than - normal sea
surface temperatures in key areas of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and the El Nino / La Nina cycle»
Global average
surface temperatures are not
expected to change significantly although temperatures at higher latitudes may be
expected to decrease to a modest extent because of a reduction in the efficiency of meridional heat transport (offsetting the additional
warming anticipated for this environment caused by the build - up of greenhouse gases).
Another example would be the data showing some
expected warming in the
surface / mid layers of the oceans as reported by Levitus et.
That forcing is just under 4W / m ^ 2, so put differently, equilibrium climate sensitivity is the equilibrium
expected surface warming for a radiative forcing of 1W / m ^ 2, divided by 4.
SAT in zones of deep ocean mixed layers is
expected to
warm more slowly than average, precisely because the energy is
warming the deeper ocean layers instead of the
surface.
Thus one might
expect larger hurricanes to extend the interval between hurricanes over the patches of ocean that spawn them, because they don't spawn until the sea
surface warms sufficiently again.
IF cool deep sea water were mixed relentlessly with
surface water by some engineering method --(e.g. lots of wave operated pumps and 800m pipes) could that enouromous cool reservoir of water a) mitigate the thermal expansion of the oceans because of the differential in thermal expansion of cold and
warm water, and b) cool the atmosphere enough to reduce the other wise
expected effects of global
warming?
We can divide the atmosphere into a lower part (LP), which includes the
surface and is the source of IR, and an upper part (UP), which we are asked to assume will cool when CO2 increases, in conjunction with the
expected warming of LP from the enhanced greenhouse effect.
These questions, percolating for a few months in the blogosphere, came to a head with a recent article in The Economist questioning climate sensitivity — the amount of
surface warming expected for a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.
A recent publication shows that rising atmospheric CO2 above high altitude Eastern Antarctica is
expected to on average cool the
surface, not
warm it.....
If you think about the fact that OHC trend is responsible for over 90 % of
warming due to TOA imbalance, you may reasonably
expect the
surface T changes (where only 3 % of that imbalance energy goes) will not be very well correlated.
Perhaps the sunlight could
warm something as
warm 100 C or higher [as said earth
surface at Venus distance would be] and as said in dry conditions one
expect the
surface heat the air to sauna - like condition.
Forcing from
surface albedo changes due to land use change is
expected to be negative globally (Sections 2.5.3, 7.3.3 and 9.3.3.3) although tropical deforestation could increase evaporation and
warm the climate (Section 2.5.5), counteracting cooling from albedo change.
In addition, if the
warming had been caused by an increase in the Sun's energy, we would
expect to see
warming throughout the layers of the atmosphere, from the
surface all the way up through the stratosphere.
We might
expect «global
warming» (i.e., an increase in average
surface air temperatures over a few decades) to lead to a rise in global mean sea levels.
But as the summer progressed, El Niño didn't form the way scientists
expected it to: sea
surface temperatures in the eastern Pacific never
warmed enough to truly be called an El Niño, and the buzz fizzled out.
Plugging in our possible climate sensitivity values, this gives us an
expected surface temperature change of about 1 — 2.2 °C of global
warming, with a most likely value of 1.4 °C.
«Departures from the
expected increase in temperature with depth (the geothermal gradient) can be interpreted in terms of changes in temperature at the
surface in the past, which have slowly diffused downward,
warming or cooling layers meters below the
surface.»
On the other hand, if retreating snow and sea ice cover was the major cause, maximum
warming would be
expected at the
surface.
I am aware of papers explaining other reasons why
surface warming has been less than
expected.
The
surface warming is also consistent with the many physical indicators, and the observed amount of
warming is consistent with the
expected range of climate sensitivity, which itself is based upon many different lines of evidence.
Its true that there are a number of indicators that indicate
warming, but they mostly indicate way less
warming than you'd
expect from the
surface measurements.
I should add that this
surface warming from anthropogenic CO2 is
expected to increase the temperature of the oceans which can be seen in this graph correlation http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/15/106515-004-540A3E17.gif
As he pointed out, a dominant unforced contribution to
surface warming relative to forced trends would be
expected to be accompanied by a trend of declining OHC, which is inconsistent with the observed trends averaged over the past half century as evidenced by mixed layer temperature measurements and sea level rise.