Once they determined when and how
they expected tidal forces to tear Phobos apart, Mittal modeled the evolution of the ring, adapting techniques developed to understand Saturn's rings.
As you might
expect, many swarms, trying to spiral out beyond Neptune, were (1) perturbed by Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune, (2) pulled apart by
tidal forces, and (3) given gravity boosts.189 These bodies, called centaurs (after the mythical man / horse creatures) resemble both asteroids and comets.