The four critical factors are: (a) businesses with recurring revenue bases — like a renewable subscription — are far better than ones dependent on constantly securing new customers; renewals are much easier and less
expensive to secure than new sales; (b) customer retention is absolutely critical — all customers are very costly to acquire and very easy to lose
in a world of almost infinite choices; (c) businesses based on products that require constant replacement or renewal (the «razor blade» model) are much more attractive than durable goods businesses (like selling refrigerators) where the products have very long repurchase or replacement life
cycles and where the market could even fairly quickly reach saturation
points; and (d) businesses that offer products or services that had a predictably high rate of obsolescence were much more attractive than those where the products had long, useful lives.
As alternatives are exploited — bringing economies of scale into play, to make them less
expensive per unit — demand for carbon - based fuels, solvents and components of processes that end up
in the atmosphere drops, resulting
in lower prices for carbon products and eventually resulting
in a
point of diminishing returns to further price level increases
in the carbon
cycle fee..