Three popular
explanations are offered to justify the high level
of share prices: that profits will grow faster; that the economy and hence equities have become less risky; and that
lower, more stable inflation will reduce real
interest rates.
Among the
explanations that have been put forward are the increased credibility
of central banks in controlling inflation (inflation
rates remain below 3 per cent across the developed world), the
low level
of official
interest rates in the major economies reflecting
low inflation and the continuing weakness in some economies, a glut
of savings on world markets particularly sourced from the Asian region, and changes to pension fund rules in some countries which are seen as biasing investments away from equities towards bonds.