Sentences with phrase «exposure on child outcome»

Participants were drawn from the Maternal Lifestyle Study (MLS), an investigation of the effects of prenatal cocaine or opiate exposure on child outcome in a longitudinal follow - up from 1 month to 11 years in 1,388 children divided into an exposed group and a comparison group (Lester, 1998).

Not exact matches

Moreover, data for exposures in almost all studies were based only on maternal recall, sometimes some years after the exposures, although studies have shown that mothers remember breastfeeding durations many years after breastfeeding has stopped.55 - 57 Furthermore, research shows that mothers of sick children sometimes remember early exposures of their children in greater detail compared with mothers of healthy children, especially when the exposures are publicly perceived to be associated with the outcome studied.

DeCamp says previous studies have linked poor child and adult health outcomes to poverty and ACEs — broadly defined as abuse, exposure to violence and family dysfunction — which can contribute to lifelong negative effects on health and health care disparities.

This action, announced in advance, provided a unique opportunity to compare data on ambient PAH levels, biomarkers, and health outcomes in two successive cohorts of children, with and without prenatal exposure to emissions from the coal - fired power plant.

Some epidemiologic evidence suggests that arsenic exposure in utero and early in life may be associated with adverse effects on fetal growth, and on infant and child immune and neurodevelopment outcomes.

Much of her work has examined this environmental justice question in the context of ambient air pollution and indoor chemical exposures, prenatal exposures and effects on birth outcomes and children's health, often using community - based participatory research approaches for data collection and risk communication.

«We focused on children because early exposure can have long - term effects on disease outcomes,» says Rainbow Vogt, lead author of the study.

This differs from previous studies that use this cohort, where exposure in pregnancy had a significantly greater effect on other types of adverse child outcomes.23 28 These findings may indicate that the relationship between school attendance and maternal alcohol use disorders is not primarily driven by the neurobehavioural effects of alcohol during pregnancy, but rather a complex family and social environment in which school attendance is not a priority or not well monitored.

The study sample was limited to children for whom teacher - reported outcomes as well as primary caregiver - report information on 8 ACE exposures on the basis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Kaiser ACE study13 were available.

Children who experience poverty, particularly during early life or for an extended period, are at risk of a host of adverse health and developmental outcomes through their life course.1 Poverty has a profound effect on specific circumstances, such as birth weight, infant mortality, language development, chronic illness, environmental exposure, nutrition, and injury.

Our findings add insight into the pathways linking early childhood adversity to poor adult wellbeing.29 Complementing past work that focused on physical health, 9 our findings provide information about links between ACEs and early childhood outcomes at the intersection of learning, behavior, and health.29 We found that ACEs experienced in early childhood were associated with poor foundational skills, such as language and literacy, that predispose individuals to low educational attainment and adult literacy, both of which are related to poor health.23, 30 — 33 Attention problems, social problems, and aggression were also associated with ACEs and also have the potential to interfere with children's educational experience given known associations between self - regulatory behavior and academic achievement.34, 35 Consistent with the original ACE study and subsequent research, we found that exposure to more ACEs was associated with more adverse outcomes, suggesting a dose — response association.3 — 8 In fact, experiencing ≥ 3 ACEs was associated with below - average performance or problems in every outcome examined.

The importance of early interventions that target caregiving is underscored by studies demonstrating high cost - effectiveness through greatly enhanced long - term outcomes.41 Furthermore, children who receive more nurturing caregiving may also be protected from exposure to stressful life events, suggesting this central target may have positive ramifications on brain development.42 Considering these issues, study findings are relevant to the public policy debate on the importance of early preschool programs for young children living in poverty.

Subjects with primary caregiver - reported information on ACE exposures ascertained at 5 years and teacher - reported outcomes at the end of the child's kindergarten year were included.

For example, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of children entering foster care due to prenatal substance exposure.36 The negative effects of substance exposure on the fetus and developing child have been extensively documented, although scholars emphasize the variability in outcomes as well as the contribution of multiple ecological factors to outcome.37

For instance, in their prospective study among young adolescents, Garber and Flynn (Garber and Flynn, 2001) found that negative self - worth develops as an outcome of low maternal acceptance, a maternal history of depression and exposure to negative interpersonal contexts, such as negative parenting practices, early history of child maltreatment, negative feedback from significant others on one's competence, and family discord and disruption.

Children living in poverty have lower scores on standardized tests of academic achievement, poorer grades in school, and lower educational attainment.2, 3 These patterns persist into adulthood, ultimately contributing to low wages and income.4, 5 Moreover, increased exposure to poverty in childhood is tied to greater deficits in these domains.6, 7 Despite numerous studies demonstrating the relationship between family resources and children's educational outcomes, little is known about mechanisms underlying the influence of poverty on children's learning and achiChildren living in poverty have lower scores on standardized tests of academic achievement, poorer grades in school, and lower educational attainment.2, 3 These patterns persist into adulthood, ultimately contributing to low wages and income.4, 5 Moreover, increased exposure to poverty in childhood is tied to greater deficits in these domains.6, 7 Despite numerous studies demonstrating the relationship between family resources and children's educational outcomes, little is known about mechanisms underlying the influence of poverty on children's learning and achichildren's educational outcomes, little is known about mechanisms underlying the influence of poverty on children's learning and achichildren's learning and achievement.

Early development consists of critical periods during which children are vulnerable to exposures.34 Delays in children's development occur cumulatively and start as early as conception, which supports arguments for early investments.35 The impact of different nutrients on children's development depends on timing, dose and duration of deficiencies.8, 36 Parenting practices and home environments also influence child development and may either accentuate or attenuate the effects of poverty, which directly affects child outcomes.37 Thus, potential intervention effects can vary according to timing, exposures and environmental conditions.38 For these reasons, it is important to consider trajectories of child development across a spectrum of ages, not just any one age.39

Audience members will hear from maternal and child health leaders in New Jersey on the Maternal Wraparound Program to promote maternal health, improve birth outcomes for women, their infants and families and reduce the risks and adverse consequences of prenatal substance exposure.

As noted in the previous chapter, health inequalities can be fairly broadly defined to include differences in: specific health outcomes (such as low birthweight, obesity, long - term conditions, accidents); health related risk factors that impact directly on children (such as poor diet, low levels of physical activity, exposure to tobacco smoke); as well as exposure to wider risks from parental / familial behaviours and environmental circumstances (maternal depression and / or poor physical health, alcohol consumption, limited interaction, limited cognitive stimulation, poor housing, lack of access to greenspace).

Previous research has found that exposure to poor maternal mental health in the early years can have a range of impacts on child behavioural, emotional, social and cognitive outcomes, and that there may be differences in outcomes for those exposed to brief or long - standing maternal mental ill health.

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) has been found to have a profound negative impact on multiple child outcomes, including academic achievement, social cognition patterns, and behavioral adjustment.

GUS represents a key source of data on the extent of these inequalities amongst children in Scotland but further, and importantly, is uniquely placed to examine the impact of exposure to risk factors on later outcomes.

First, we examined the relationships of plausible covariates, including gender, birth - weight, post-conceptual age on the visit day (gestational age + days of life since birth to the visit day), ethnicity, prenatal smoking exposure, and child sleep condition at the time of EEG recording with outcome measures (frontal EEG power, functional connectivity at 6 and 18 months of age, or behavioral scores at 24 months of age).

Past research linking food insecurity to children's outcomes was mostly based on cross-sectional samples [5], [12], [14], [15] or short follow - up (up to two years)[16], [17] and the long - term consequences of exposure to food insecurity early on in life are not well known.