Approximately 65 percent of all breast cancers
express the estrogen receptor (ER +) and / or the progesterone receptor (PR +).
The example shown reveals that these estrogen agonists show the strongest connectivity to each other in MCF7, a human breast cancer cell line that
expresses the estrogen receptor.
However, almost half of tumors that
express the estrogen receptor, do either not respond well to the treatment or develop resistance with time.
Not exact matches
About 15 to 20 % of breast cancers are classified as «triple negative,» so called because these tumors do not
express three key proteins that are biomarkers and / or drug targets for breast cancer: the
estrogen receptor, the progesterone
receptor, and HER2 (a member of the epidermal growth factor
receptor family).
However, further testing showed that melanocytes
express a separate, non-classical,
estrogen receptor, GPER, as well as a non-classical progesterone
receptor, PAQR7.
Triple - negative cancers are so called because they do not
express receptors for the hormones
estrogen and progesterone, nor for HER2 (human epidermal growth factor 2), and hence patients with these cancers are not candidates for treatment with modern hormonal therapies or the highly effective HER2 - targeted drug Herceptin (trastuzumab).
But recent work shows that while these cancers lack
estrogen receptors, progesterone
receptors, and aren't driven by the gene HER2, up to a third of these tumors
express the androgen
receptor — clinical trials are underway to inhibit the androgen
receptor in these tumors in much the same way that the drug Tamoxifen inhibits
estrogen receptor in
estrogen -
receptor - positive breast cancers.
Ince and his team found that although TNBC lacks the three
receptors that fuel most breast cancers —
estrogen receptors, progesterone
receptors, and human epidermal growth factor
receptor 2 — it does
express androgen
receptors (AR) and vitamin D
receptors (VDR).
«Our data suggests that
estrogen could be a therapeutic method for patients who
express high levels of the
estrogen receptor,» continues Professor Arsenian - Henriksson.
Using a new TaqMan PCR - based technique, the researchers screened a number of cancer cell lines from various tissues, and discovered that tRNA halves were specifically
expressed in large quantities in sex hormone - dependent cancers, i.e.,
estrogen receptor (ER)- positive breast cancer and androgen
receptor (AR)- positive prostate cancer that are driven by the hormones
estrogen and testosterone.
Since
estrogen receptors are
expressed in the brain, it's no surprise that dietary isoflavones affect behavioral parameters.
Berkeley Lab researchers have developed the first clinically - relevant mouse model of human breast cancer to successfully
express functional
estrogen receptor positive adenocarcinomas.
Triple negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that does not
express receptors for the hormones
estrogen and progesterone, or for human epidermal growth factor.