Sentences with phrase «expressed at a higher level»

Using the new data, Laura Carrel, a geneticist at Pennsylvania State College of Medicine in Hershey, and Huntington Willard, a geneticist at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, discovered that 15 percent of the genes on the inactivated X chromosome are actually not silenced — and most are likely to be expressed at higher levels overall in women than men.

They found evidence of Del - 1 in the same areas as osteoclast activity, then followed up by generating human and mouse osteoclasts in vitro and found Del - 1 mRNA and protein expressed at high levels.

Single - cell differential gene expression analysis revealed a spectrum of known transcripts, including several linked to cytotoxic and costimulatory function that are expressed at higher levels in the TEMRA (effector memory T cells expressing CD45RA) subset, which is highly enriched for CD4 - CTLs, compared with CD4 + T cells in the central memory (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) subsets.

Consistent with that result, the researchers found that certain regions of the X chromosome in human female B cells, including regions that contain immunity - related genes, were expressed at higher levels than male cells.

While it is present on a number of different types of cells in the body, it is expressed at higher levels on metastatic tumour cells, including those which have spread from the lung.

Previous research had found that FOX01 was expressed at higher levels in wounds, but scientists did not understand what role the molecule was playing.

Their hypothesis was that the possible genes responsible for the pro-tumour role of the CAFs would be expressed at high levels only in these fibroblasts, and not in fibroblasts of the healthy tissue.

We identified human X-linked genes whose gametologs have been pseudogenized or completely lost from the Y chromosome and inferred which evolutionary forces may be acting to retain genes on the Y. Although gene loss appears to be largely correlated with the suppression of recombination, we observe that X-linked genes with functional Y homologs evolve under stronger purifying selection and are expressed at higher levels than X-linked genes with nonfunctional Y homologs.

Being stably and constitutively expressed at high levels in most tissues and cells, GAPDH is considered a housekeeping protein.

In addition, a number of key developmental regulators were expressed at higher levels in bsl1 - 1 mutants, including orthologs of classical genes from maize that specify AM identity and determinacy (e.g., bd1 [Chuck et al., 2002] and ramosa1 [Vollbrecht et al., 2005]-RRB-, that pattern lateral organ development (e.g., narrow sheath1 [Scanlon et al., 1996] and yabby10 [Juarez et al., 2004]-RRB-, and those implicated in carpel repression in maize tassels (e.g., grassy tillers1 [Whipple et al., 2011], tasselseed 1 [Acosta et al., 2009], and tasselseed 2 [Irish and Nelson, 1993]-RRB-(Table 2).

As depicted in a heat map format in Figure 1G, most of the genes analyzed are expressed at higher levels in hESCs compared to hNSCs or hMSCs, as expected.

The affected genes are oncogenes, or genes that have the potential to cause cancer when mutated or expressed at high levels.

Instead we observe a large dynamic range of expression: a few receptors are expressed at high levels and the vast majority of the receptors are expressed at relatively low levels.

In contrast to these proteins, it is expressed at high levels early in development (Sans et al 2000) and appears to be the principally responsible for the synaptic targetting of AMPARs at this time (Elias 2006).

In contrast, 205 genes were expressed at a higher level in all longer arrested states, and 59 genes were expressed at a lower level in all longer arrested states.

Sclerostin is a protein produced by bone cells which has a negative impact on the formation of bone when expressed at high levels by decreasing bone formation, and IGF - 1 is a hormone associated with the growth of bone.

Proficient communicators receive information, understand and synthesise it and express themselves at a high level.

Where native title was only partially extinguished, native title rights that best survived the inconsistency of incidents test were those which were expressed at a high level of specificity; 13 were limited to the conduct of activities on the land rather than the control of activities on the land; 14 and confined those activities to traditional activities rather than contemporary activities.

As I explain in chapter 2 [93] the characterisation of native title rights that best survive once all other interests are given full enjoyment are ones which are expressed at a high level of specificity; [94] are limited to the conduct of activities on the land rather than the control of activities on the land; [95] and confine those activities to traditional rather than contemporary ones.

Not exact matches

By contrast, traders (hedge funds) and small investors are expressing historically high levels of bearish sentiment (both groups are known for following trends and being wrong at turning points).

«Instead, express your belief that he or she is capable of performing at a higher level.»

While the early - 2017 Federal Reserve minutes «expressed concern [about] the low level of implied volatility in equity markets,» it is worth noting that the SPX implied volatility levels at both 80 % and 90 % moneyness (corresponding with out - of - the - money puts used for portfolio protection) generally were much higher than the VIX levels.

«While state policies and the actions of extremist groups often mask the high levels of tolerance in the minds of ordinary Arabs, the typical citizen in this region expresses a great deal of support for tolerant policies,» said Michael Hoffman, who studied religious minorities as part of the Religious Freedom Project at Georgetown's Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs.

However, it's added by the Express that he has a # 25m release clause which would certainly be appealing to interested parties as that would arguably be a snip for an established player of his quality with his goalscoring record at such a high level in today's market given the transfer fees we've seen in recent times, and so it remains to be seen what the future holds for Mertens.

even when he suffered a serious knee injury, instead of accepting the fact that he would never stick his legs into the spaces that were crucial for someone with straight ahead speed to succeed, the club actually contemplated giving him a chance to play up top where his lack of physicality, size and holding up play talents would been on display for all to see... these are not the actions of a club that really cares about winning at the highest levels, but they are the actions of a club that wasn't interested in spending the necessary resources to purchases a world - class striker, which is usually the most expensive position on the pitch... instead we adopted the horrible phrase «like a new signing» and proceeded to allow this ridiculous experiment to carry on, which ultimately caused some discomfort on the training pitch and inside the locker room as players battled for a position that shouldn't have been theirs for the taking in the first place... don't get me wrong, I believe that Walcott is a talented player, who can help a team reach their goals, if their goals are relatively modest... just look at the teams who supposedly expressed interest in his services and they weren't the kind of clubs who aspire to win at the highest levels... as for the reasons why he hasn't been bitching and moaning about moving on just look at the wage benefits he receives from our club and his obvious desire to enjoy the societal advantages that come with playing in North London for a club with worldwide appeal... so instead of continuing to try to fix a coat with a broken zipper simply move on and buy a new and better coat

[69] Research suggests that the antioxidant activity in expressed breast milk decreases over time, but remains at higher levels than in infant formula.

«For the time being any past leader and even those who held office at the highest level have to be circumspect - including me - about our pronouncements and interventions which might have the exact opposite effect as was intended,» he accepts, before adding: «It doesn't mean that any of us simply should be told to get back in the box and go away, and fail to express a lifetime's experience or commitment to the party, but it does mean we need to be very careful.»

Four genes were expressed at significantly higher levels in the blood of people who had been suicidal.

This protein is expressed at relatively high levels in proliferating precursors and non-neuronal cells but down - regulated in developing neurons by a brain - enriched regulatory RNA called miR - 9.

In March, the EPA sent a letter to environmental officials in Pennsylvania expressing alarm at high pollutant levels in the wastewater that was being discharged into the state's waterways.

These subtypes of asthma can be identified by knowing which genes are expressed at higher and lower levels in patients» airways.

Eighty percent of founder mice carried at least one copy of the transgene, and 90 % of these expressed GFP at high levels.

For instance, his team found that around 2000 genes are expressed at levels higher than those of normal human tissues because of the duplications.

Verma and his colleagues wondered why the gene was expressed at such high levels in that region, and what would happen if it were eliminated.

Recently, several observations suggested that, besides monocyte - derived macrophages, dendritic cells, a distinct myeloid lineage, also express PPARγ at high levels.

«Studying Bcl - xL is important because this protein is expressed at abnormally high levels in many types of cancer,» Marassi explains.

The researchers also showed that a new strain of mice, generated in the lab of co-senior author Eric Verdin, MD, at the Gladstone Institutes and engineered to express high levels of SIRT3, were inherently resistant to noise - induced hearing loss, even without administration of NR.

A gene encoding a NAC TF with homology to ATAF2 from Arabidopsis was also expressed at significantly higher levels in bsl1 - 1.

Additionally, proteins involved in changing chromatin structure and transcribing genes were expressed at relatively high levels in ESCs too.

Our RNA - seq analyses showed that SvBd1 (Sevir.2 G437800), encoding the ortholog of a conserved AP2 - ERF TF, which specifies SM identity in maize and other grasses (Chuck et al., 2002), was expressed at substantially higher levels in the bsl1 - 1 mutant compared with the wild type, consistent with increased production of spikelets in place of bristles (Table 2).

To speed the search for these unknown genes, scientists use a «subtraction» method to remove the bulk of ubiquitous, already - identified genes from a sample pool of genetic material, leaving behind a higher percentage of the undiscovered genes expressed less frequently or at low levels in an attempt to increase the probability of discovering these genes.

Our older data had shown that the molecules B7 and ICAM could costimulate naïve T cell activation when expressed in isolation, but an efficient response, including high levels of CD40L, IL - 2, and short - term proliferation, resulted only when both B7 and ICAM were able to signal through CD28 and LFA - 1 at the same time (Dubey, 1995, J Immunol; Jaiswal, 1996, Int Immunol; Rogers, 1998, J Immunol).

They showed that removal of the tails resulted in the retention of 1.4 to 7.8 times higher number of copies in four out of five colon - specific genes expressed at low levels after subtraction.

Since we know the Gal4 - UAS system is sensitive to temperature and in fact, expression levels of these transgenes differ at 22 °C and 25 °C, Drosophila GBPs might also suppress ILP secretion from the insulin - producing cells when expressed at high concentrations.

Inventors at MUSC have identified a unique human CD4 + T cell population that expresses high levels of surface CD26, termed CD26high T cells, which mediate durable antitumor immunity in vivo, and have immediate clinical relevance for designing new vaccines and cellular therapies.

Vomeronasal receptor (A) and olfactory receptor genes (B) annotated as functional (black) are expressed at significantly higher levels than those annotated as nonfunctional pseudogenes (grey).

These reporters allow you to easily screen or select for cells that are expressing your gene of interest at high levels.

RT - PCR analysis of RNA from mouse embryonic and adult gonads using primers corresponding to either exons 3 and 9 (upper panel, 501 - bp band) or exons 3 and 12 (lower panel, 847 - bp and 712 - bp bands) reveals that full - length Bol1 is only expressed in postnatal testes, while Bol2 lacking exon 11 is also detectable at low levels throughout gonadal development in addition to its high adult testis expression.

House - keeping genes (orange) tend to be expressed at high and similar levels in both tissues; OR (green) and VR genes (purple) are specifically expressed in their cognate tissue.

We found one VR gene, Vmn2r29, is expressed in the OM at a level that is higher than the median OR gene expression (1.04 FPKM).