Sentences with phrase «expression levels from»

However, when we extracted gene expression levels from the brain transcriptome data following the methodology in Carneiro et al. [29], we found that levels of nucleotide diversity and the proportion of low frequency variants between lowly (bottom 5 %) and highly (top 5 %) expressed genes in our dataset (Table S7) were not significantly different in most comparisons (with the exception of π in O. c. cuniculus) nor did they consistently differ in the expected direction when assuming higher error rates in lowly expressed genes.

Dr Gilchrist said: «This study suggests that we may improve significantly on the widely used analysis methods for determining gene expression levels from high throughput sequence data: absolute quantitation offers a much sounder basis for determining changes in gene expression level, a measure widely used to determine the consequence of genetic, chemical or physical disturbances in living systems.»

This can then be used to create computational estimates of gene expression levels from any whole genome sequence or chip dataset.

This could be due to the lack of reference expression levels from very early post-mortem samples.

«PrediXcan tells us which genes are more likely to affect a disease or trait by learning the relationship between genotype, gene expression levels from large - scale transcriptome studies, and disease associations from GWAS studies,» said study leader Hae Kyung Im, PhD, research associate (assistant professor) of genetic medicine at the University of Chicago.

Thus, the range of expression levels from these two mutant alleles affected their ability to complement some phenotypes (hair).

Notably, XpdTTD / † XPCS animals had a partial TTD hair phenotype, correlating with low levels of Xpd † XPCS expression, whereas XpdTTD / XPCS animals had wt hair, correlating with normal expression levels from the viable XpdXPCS allele (Table 2 and unpublished data).

Not exact matches

The PRPA has already completed substantial pre-development work at the sites, improving access, in anticipation of private development spurred by a Request for Expressions of Interest (REI) that was issued late last year and, the port authority said, «garnered a high level of response from maritime industry, manufacturing, and energy companies.»

Unfortunately, we were far from unique in holding this opinion, and expressions of interest kept pouring in such that the underwriters were able to both increase the size of the bond offering and reduce the interest rate to 4.25 %, at which level we had no desire to participate.

Of husbands they said, «If elevated levels of sexual activity are maintained from earlier years and if neither acute nor chronic physical incapacity intervenes, aging males usually are able to continue some form of active sexual expression into the 70 - and even 80 - year age groups.»

At the level of religious organization there is also much to support Bellah's contention that religious expression has become increasingly differentiated from traditional religious institutions.

Additionally, tumors from TRPV1 / KO mice cotreated with capsaicin and TPA exhibited higher COX - 2 expression levels compared with mice treated with TPA alone (Fig. 2C).

The pump automatically starts at expression mode and if your last suction level was 10, the next time you use it will start from 10 which can be a major shocker.

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

To more accurately reflect the mechanisms driving oligodendrogliomas, the researchers used RNA sequencing to study directly, on a single - cell level, gene expression in samples from six early - stage human tumors.

The tool then uses information from similar cells to make an educated guess about what the level of gene expression should be.

Increasing the expression of one of the proteins, SIX3, in the insulin - producing cells isolated from younger donors enhanced their ability to respond efficiently to rising glucose levels.

When a strain of mice genetically destined to develop a form of TLR7 - dependent lupus was crossbred with a strain in which TREML4 expression was suppressed, offspring lacking TREML4 were protected from the development of lupus - associated kidney failure and had significantly lower blood levels of inflammatory factors and autoantibodies than did mice expressing TREML4.

But the researchers found no significant changes in the expression of genes known to be involved in calcification from prior studies comparing strains with dramatically different calcification levels.

Further research could test these cancer stem cell gene expression at the RNA and protein level in circulating tumor cells and biopsies from patients on trial.

Participants were not able to identify the specific emotions represented by each sample because chemosensory emotional cues operate mostly at a subconscious level, unlike signals from facial expressions, voice or touch.

Using data from a large public brain tumor database called REMBRANDT, the researchers confirmed that patients with lower levels of SND1 survived longer than those with elevated SND1 expression.

In clinical samples of high - grade gliomas from patients, the expression levels of both FOXD1 and ALDH1A3 were inversely correlated with disease progression — gliomas with high levels were more rapidly fatal than were gliomas with low levels.

They also stressed that IL - 6's role in inflammation «extends well beyond the immune system and the kidney, with high levels of expression in atherosclerotic plaques and elevated serum levels being associated with increased coronary artery disease and morbidity from hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and development of insulin resistance.»

When the scientists looked at the level of the genes» expression, they could correctly identify the body mass of the person the fat came from.

Because genes on the Y chromosome often vary slightly in sequence — and even function — from the corresponding genes on the X, males could have slightly different patterns of gene expression throughout the body compared with females, due to not only their hormone levels, but also their entire Y chromosome.

The issue of additive or low dose effects is complex, she added; human hormone levels vary from person to person as a result of inherent genetic differences, differences in genetic expression as well as different environmental exposures.

After analyzing blood samples from 13 exposed and unexposed babies, she found that the expression levels of 11 genes were significantly different in newborns with arsenic - exposed mothers.

Likewise, an analysis tissue samples from patients with lung adenocarcinoma with no or low C / EBPα expression revealed that those with lower levels of BMI1 were more likely to survive, a pattern that has prognostic value, the researchers wrote.

When the team analyzed tissues from 261 patients with NSCLC, they found an inverse correlation between the two molecules; that is, more than 80 percent of patient tissues with low levels of the tumor suppressing C / EBPα were positive for BMI1 expression.

This experiment uses quantitative PCR to detect the expression level of POSTN in CD34 + / CD31 − pulmonary fibroblasts, CD31 + endothelial cells, and CD45 + immune cells isolated from lungs of mice with macrometastases, which is a replication of the experiment reported in Figure 2H.

The expression of mRNA for factors involved in promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, including the transcription factor Ppard, the PPARδ coactivator Pgc - 1α, and citrate synthase was greater in gastrocnemius muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO relative to B6129 control (Figure 5C); however, levels of these genes were unchanged in spleen and kidney (data not shown).

Quantitative real - time PCR showing levels of expression of several selected membrane transporters in testes from mice treated with drug at 1.0 mg for 4, 8, or 16 weeks.

Samples from each cDNA pool were diluted 1:10, 1:30, 1:90, and 1:270 in order to create a standard curve for calculation of relative gene expression levels.

The constitutive expression of these endothelial cell adhesion molecules was very similar for most of the lines derived from different organs, i.e., very low expression levels of E-selectin and VCAM - 1 and more pronounced expression of ICAM - 1.

Wilcoxon rank - sum test was used to calculate the P value for ex vivo bioluminescence from brain and expression level of miR - 7 and KLF4 in human specimens.

In addition, gastrocnemius muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice expressed higher levels of mRNA for the sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase - II (SERCA2) and lower mRNA expression and protein content of the calcium - binding protein calsequestrin (Figure 5, F and G).

To identify transcriptional patterns that correlate with body mass, we used oligonucleotide microarrays to catalogue gene expression levels in the parametrial or epididymal adipose tissue from two dozen mice whose body mass and adiposity varied due to diet, sex, and mutations in genes affecting energy homeostasis.

The muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice had a greater relative expression of the SERCAII isoform and lower mRNA and protein levels of calsequestrin, both characteristic of slow muscles (52).

Gene expression divergence levels were obtained from [71] and were measured in terms of the number of commonly co-expressed genes between human and mouse one to one orthologs.

(Mixture - of - Isoforms) for isoform quantitation using RNA - Seq is a probabilistic framework that quantitates the expression level of alternatively spliced genes from RNA - Seq data, and identifies differentially regulated isoforms or exons across samples.

On the contrary, quantitative RT - PCR using the RNAs extracted from the MBs revealed that the difference in the Acks expression level in the MBs between the antennae - deprived and intact workers under high temperature was not statistically significant.

We induced seizure by awakening the Japanese honeybee workers from CO2 - induced anesthesia at room temperature (25 °C) as described previously [13], and measured the Acks expression levels in the whole brain using quantitative RT - PCR.

In addition, expression analysis revealed that, like kakusei, Acks transcript expression levels transiently increase after seizure induced by awakening from anesthesia (Figure 1B and C), and the induced Acks expression can be broadly visualized in several brain regions (Figure 2).

Northern blots failed to detect this size difference and did not find any change from normal in transcript expression level.

mRNA expression from the targeted allele could be detected in embryonic stem cells by RT - PCR (Figure 1D), although expression was reduced approximately 5-fold relative to wt mRNA transcript levels as determined by Northern blotting of RNA from the testis of heterozygous animals (Figure 1E).

The relative Acks expression was approximately 5 to 7-fold higher from 30 to 60 min after seizure induction, and then decreased to basal levels (Figure 1B).

As shown in Figure 1B and Additional file 1: Figure S1, the incorporation of the lacY gene into pYIUV5Trfp enabled the IPTG - inducible expression of RFP from PlacUV5, although the expression level is low compared to those of PBAD and Pxyls / PM.

These characterizations were requisite because work by others demonstrated that expression of a constitutively active form of another DGK allele important in regulating DAG levels in T cells, DGKα, resulted in developmental blockade of T cells between progression from DN to DP (40).

Results from studies with human cells showed highly reproducible expression levels, comparable with those determined by high - throughput RNA sequencing (RNA - seq).