Investment in a research process that is participatory, in both «methodology and method», is rewarding and sometimes more important than the outcome.30 Participation can empower communities and is recognised as an outcome in itself.31 Community participation in research delivers social and cultural validity when inquiries are aligned with the needs and priorities of those being researched, and better
external validity of findings for generalisability.3 Achieving this through PR may be more costly in the short term but in the long term builds health equity32 and facilitates translation of research into policy.3
The strengths of the study include: a naturalistic setting, which increases
the external validity of the findings, a multimethod assessment of two outcomes (parenting and child problem behavior), availability of four data points, minimal attrition across waves, and LGM analyses that specified and tested a theoretically based potential mediator of program effects.
Compared with prior research, our study significantly expands inquiry in this area by broadening the range of social participation indicators examined, increasing
the external validity of findings, focusing on the under - studied developmental stage of adolescence, and taking an ecological approach that included many potential correlates of social participation.
In summary, compared with prior research, our study significantly expands inquiry in this area by broadening the range of social participation indicators examined, by increasing
the external validity of findings, by focusing on the under - studied developmental stage of adolescence, and by taking an ecological approach that included many potential correlates of social participation.
Not exact matches
It was
found that teachers» attention to
validity issues had been undermined by the
external test regimes, but teachers could readdress these issues by reflection on their values and by engagement in a shared development
of portfolio assessments.
Thus, the
external validity for present day programs
of the
finding that an intervention from decades ago may have impacted health is questionable.
Findings from evaluations with high
external validity have been obtained in settings that are representative
of those in which the program is to be implemented, and address whether differences between the outcomes for program and control groups are sufficiently sizable and sustained to make them worthwhile with respect to the program's goals.
In contrast, the only two studies in the list with both high internal and
external validity (Head Start Impact and Tennessee)
find null or negative impacts, and all
of the studies that point to very small, null, or negative effects have high
external validity.
The study has very little
external validity, which is a polite way
of saying its
findings shouldn't be generalized to other contexts.
First, the sample size was just a third
of that originally intended and, as Ofsted states, «the small sample size means there is limited
external validity to these
findings.
Second, only 17 %
of applicants could be included in the study, which might limit the
external validity of the present
findings.
It can provide high
external validity, providing cultural and educational differences are addressed; reduce critiques regarding realism; and increase the generalizability
of findings.