[jounal] Krueger, R. F. / 2005 /
Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: A dimensional - spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM - V / Journal of Abnormal Psychology 114 (4): 537 ~ 550
Child maltreatment is a robust risk factor for internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology in children and adolescents.
In Study 2, emotional reactivity and maladaptive responses to distress mediated the association between child maltreatment and both internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology.
The present study addressed the role of the intensity and variability of happiness, anger, anxiety, and sadness in the development of internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology in 452 adolescents followed from age 13 to 14.
These findings suggest that co-occurrence of internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology in adolescents results from both genetic and environmental influences.
The definition of conscientiousness and its interface with specific forms of psychopathology, such as
externalizing psychopathology, are discussed first.
Then an overview of the known developmental changes in conscientiousness across the life course is provided, as well as the potential shared developmental etiology of conscientiousness and
externalizing psychopathology.
Physiological markers of emotion and behavior dysregulation in
externalizing psychopathology
Results are discussed in the context of the utility of multiple informants and the conceptualization of relational aggression in a broader
externalizing psychopathology framework.
Trajectories of post-traumatic stress and
externalizing psychopathology among maltreated foster care youth: A parallel process latent growth curve model.
Participants completed questionnaire reports of internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology and PLEs at baseline, and again approximately 2 years later.
The present study focused on the role of the dynamics of four basic emotions (happiness, anger, anxiety, and sadness) in the 1 year change or stability of internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology in early adolescence.
In turn, these proximal G × I effects early in development mediated the ultimate G × I effect on
externalizing psychopathology at age 25 years.
We conducted a developmental analysis of genetic moderation of the effect of the Fast Track intervention on adult
externalizing psychopathology.
In line with earlier studies [9, 25, 26, 43], we used a proxy for familial risk, which was based on data concerning life time parental
externalizing psychopathology.
Children who carried copies of the A allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs10482672 had the highest risk of
externalizing psychopathology if they were in the control arm of the trial and the lowest risk of
externalizing psychopathology if they were in the treatment arm.
The Enrichment Study of the Minnesota Twin Family Study: Increasing the Yield of Twin Families at High Risk for
Externalizing Psychopathology.
Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology: Current and future directions.
Traits that have been demonstrated to have significant shared environmental influences include internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology, [53] substance use [54] and dependence, [45] and intelligence.
Familial loading of internalizing psychopathology predicted offspring internalizing but not externalizing problems, whereas familial loading of
externalizing psychopathology predicted offspring externalizing but not internalizing problems.
Early Childhood Adverse Experiences, Inferior Frontal Gyrus Connectivity, and the Trajectory of
Externalizing Psychopathology.
Trajectories of childhood internalizing and
externalizing psychopathology and psychotic - like experiences in adolescence: A prospective population - based cohort study.
Not exact matches
The association between
psychopathology in fathers versus mothers and children's internalizing and
externalizing behavior problems: a meta - analysis
Chronic Stress Exposure and Generation Are Related to the P - Factor and
Externalizing Specific
Psychopathology in Youth.
Frustration acted as a general risk factor predicting severity of maladjustment; low Effortful Control and Fear acted as dimension - specific risk factors that predicted a particular type of
psychopathology; whereas Shyness, High - Intensity Pleasure, and Affiliation acted as direction markers that steered the conditional probability of internalizing versus
externalizing problems, in the event of maladjustment.
We used purified measures of temperament and
psychopathology and partialled out shared variance between internalizing and
externalizing problems.
Attachment and
Externalizing Disorders: A Developmental
Psychopathology Perspective.
A developmental cascade model linking symptoms of
externalizing and internalizing
psychopathology through three indices of peer relational difficulty (peer rejection, peer victimization, friendedness) was tested in a general population sample of 653 children followed annually from kindergarten to fourth grade.
Over the period of kindergarten to fourth grade,
psychopathology and peer relations become entangled, and the dynamic interplay between multiple manifestations of poor peer relations ultimately adds to the development of both
externalizing and internalizing problems and their cross-time relation.
High negative reactivity could diminish capacity to attend social cues, leading to misinterpretation and incorrect processing of social information (e.g. Hostile attribution bias; [101]-RRB-, with the risk for
psychopathology such as
externalizing disorders [102].
Studies in school - age children have shown that co-occurrence of internalizing and
externalizing problems is a very strong risk factor for adult
psychopathology (Althoff et al. 2010; Sourander et al. 2007).
Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood
psychopathology:
externalizing disorders
Continuities in family socialization and contextual risks across generations, as well as genetic factors, are associated with the development of
psychopathology — including both
externalizing and internalizing problems in children — and to intergenerational associations in the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other.
Growth in
externalizing and internalizing problems in childhood: A prospective study of
psychopathology across three generations.
Disorganized attachment processes are early predictors of both internalizing and
externalizing forms of
psychopathology from the preschool period onward.
Children who have disorganized attachment with their primary attachment figure have been shown to be vulnerable to stress, have problems with regulation and control of negative emotions, and display oppositional, hostile - aggressive behaviours, and coercive styles of interaction.2, 3 They may exhibit low self - esteem, internalizing and
externalizing problems in the early school years, poor peer interactions, unusual or bizarre behaviour in the classroom, high teacher ratings of dissociative behaviour and internalizing symptoms in middle childhood, high levels of teacher - rated social and behavioural difficulties in class, low mathematics attainment, and impaired formal operational skills.3 They may show high levels of overall
psychopathology at 17 years.3 Disorganized attachment with a primary attachment figure is over-represented in groups of children with clinical problems and those who are victims of maltreatment.1, 2,3 A majority of children with early disorganized attachment with their primary attachment figure during infancy go on to develop significant social and emotional maladjustment and
psychopathology.3, 4 Thus, an attachment - based intervention should focus on preventing and / or reducing disorganized attachment.
The emphasis in the literature, and particularly in relation to parenting behaviours, has been on children's
externalizing behaviour, non-compliance and
psychopathology, and several models of coercive family processes leading to child
externalizing behaviour have been delineated and supported.5 There is a paucity of research examining child competencies, both in terms of behaviour and developmental competencies (social, cognitive, emotional) and how parenting behaviours, parental knowledge, mood and self - efficacy interact with and impact on these competencies.
The inconclusive findings in literature on the relation between
externalizing behaviour and functioning of stress regulation systems could therefore result from ignoring comorbid post-trauma
psychopathology.
After controlling for the overlap between internalizing and
externalizing symptoms, familial risk to
externalizing behaviors (FR - EXT) is specifically associated with
externalizing but not with internalizing
psychopathology in the offspring [26].
Results highlight the importance of accounting for both internalizing and
externalizing symptoms from an early age to understand risk for developing
psychopathology and the role harsh parenting plays in influencing these trajectories.
For example, various parental
psychopathology symptoms such as depressed mood, anxiety, and antisocial traits have been related to children's internalizing problems such as withdrawn behavior and
externalizing problems such as aggression (Breaux et al. 2013; Cummings et al. 2005; Papp et al. 2005).
First, do internalizing symptoms and
externalizing behavior each mediate the relations between parent
psychopathology (alcoholism, antisocial personality disorder, and affective disorder) and growth in adolescent heavy alcohol use?
FR - EXT familial risk to
externalizing behaviors, CBCL child behavior checklist, TCP teacher's checklist of
psychopathology, Inatt inattention, HA / IMP hyperactivity / impulsivity, Aggr aggression, Deli delinquency
FR - EXT familial risk to
externalizing behaviors, CBCL child behavior checklist, TCP teacher's checklist of
psychopathology
Thus, the relation between decreased activity of the stress regulation systems and
externalizing behaviour problems is well established in males; however, this relation is less clear in females and post-trauma
psychopathology may influence this relation.
Deficits in emotion regulation prescribe the onset of risk in two prominent developmental pathways leading to SUDs and comorbid
psychopathology, including the
externalizing pathway [80, 81] and the internalizing pathway [82, 83 • •].
Guided by previous studies (Izard et al. in Early Education and Development 15:407 — 422, 2004; Izard et al. in Development and
Psychopathology 20:369 — 397 2008a), we hypothesized that, compared to the control condition, in the treatment group the EC would show greater increases in emotion knowledge (Hypothesis 1) and emotion regulation / utilization (Hypothesis 2), and greater increases in social competence along with greater decreases in
externalized and internalized behaviors (Hypothesis 3).
The assessment protocol included the main attachment figure's sociodemographic data,
psychopathology, and dissociation; history of youth protection services, and child's adjustment measures (general, internalizing,
externalizing and social problems, and dissociative symptoms).
Epidemiological and clinical evidence indicates that SED is associated with multiple dimensions of
psychopathology, with more robust effects on
externalizing problems, such as aggressive and delinquent behaviors, and a less robust, but still significant, association with internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety and depression [10 — 12, 14].
Internalizing and
externalizing expressions of dys - function: Rochester Symposium on Developmental
Psychopathology