Sentences with phrase «extra gene copies»

Then, while the pre-existing genes kept the species viable, the extra gene copies could evolve new functions, thus speeding evolutionary change.

«It therefore appears that the cell amplifies the growth signal due to the presence of extra gene copies.

Not exact matches

To coax the apples to create these particular anti-browning RNA molecules, the scientists gave the apple extra copies of the browning gene that were tweaked to set off the plant's interference mechanism.

So Sandra Ryeom at the Children's Hospital in Boston and colleagues bred mice with three genes to find out if an extra copy gave them extra protection against cancer.

The less adept mice, Rubin's team found, carry extra copies of a previously known human gene called DYRK; a mutated version of an almost identical gene in fruit flies, called minibrain, causes neurological defects.

AN EXTRA copy of a gene on chromosome 21 may explain why people with Down's syndrome are less likely to get breast and lung cancer than the rest of the population.

Tumours in these mice grew 50 per cent more slowly than those in healthy mice, indicating that one extra copy of the gene has a significant effect on tumour growth (Nature, DOI: 10.1038 / nature08062).

Thirty to 50 percent of multiple myeloma patients have extra copies of the gene that encodes the enzyme ADAR1.

The disorder arises when some or all of an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, but exactly how this additional set of genes disrupts development, leading to learning difficulties and other symptoms of Down's, isn't clear.

The last piece of evidence together with the fact that the parents do not carry the alterations suggest that the extra copies of genes may have occurred either in the sperm or the egg, the parent's germ cells, and before or very early after fertilization.

Mice born with extra copies of a human gene develop learning defects that may resemble those in Down syndrome.

In a now - famous report, petunias turned white when given extra copies of coloring genes.

Into this extra chromosome, her team inserted a copy of a gene called XIST.

In a previous study, his team worked with other collaborators to identify the potential role of extra copies of the tumor suppressor gene (p53) that increase the elephant's ability to eliminate pre-cancerous cells with DNA damage.

In previous work, Anderson's team demonstrated that mice engineered with extra copies of the UBE3A gene show impaired sociability, as well as heightened repetitive self - grooming and reduced vocalizations with other mice.

However, as biologists realised a century ago, this constraint no longer applies when mutations produce an entire extra copy of a gene.

The team found that adding in a single extra copy of gene that expresses Maf1 decreased stored lipids by 34 percent, while reducing Maf1 levels increased stored lipids by 94 percent.

People with high - starch diets — such as in Japan — have extra copies of a gene for a starch - digesting protein compared with members of hunting - gathering societies.

Instead, Werren likened the functionality of these single - copy genes to «moonlighting» for extra cash, with the genes taking on a «night job» in the venom gland in addition to their «day job» elsewhere in the body.

These differences include widespread sequence variation, extra copies of genes, and massive, complex rearrangements.

In another paper in the same issue, a team led by molecular biologist Ronald Plasterk, now at the Hubrecht Laboratory in Utrecht, the Netherlands, reports an intriguing twist: The same genes appear to be responsible for both RNAi and another gene - silencing mechanism known as cosuppression, in which adding extra copies of a gene cause both the new and the existing copies of that gene to be shut down.

Qiu and colleagues engineered monkeys to mimic having a rare autismlike disorder caused by extra copies of the MeCP2 gene.

A common mood - stabilizing drug, valproate, is found to control manic - like behavior induced in mice with an extra copy of a gene called SHANK3

It can help organisms take advantage of new opportunities: With extra copies around, some genes keep doing their old job while others are repurposed for some brave new world.

Polyploid cells, which carry additional copies of important tumor suppressor genes, are better protected and more resistant to cancer formation because they have these extra copies of the genome,» said Dr. Zhu, who is also an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine at UT Southwestern.

The study also found «enormous structural variation,» including missing or extra copies of cancer genes, says Spellman, leading to over - or underexpression of proteins that might drive cancer growth.

These mice have extra copies of 108 genes — about half as many triplicated genes as in Down syndrome.

The prevailing theory for decades has been that extra copies of genes on a specific area of chromosome 21, known as the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR), cause the mental and physical features of Down syndrome.

When the researchers injected extra copies of the betatrophin gene into the liver of normal mice, the animals» pancreases responded by making as much as 30 times more β cells than usual.

Sammons determined that some resistant weeds have as many as 160 extra copies of a gene called EPSPS.

One common indicator of high - risk cancer is if a child has extra copies (amplification) of a gene called MYCN (pronounced mick - N).

«The extra copy of the Guy1 gene is only passed down to half of the progeny, leaving some females among the mosquitoes that did not inherit the gene in the next generation,» said Frank Criscione, who is the first author of the paper and worked on the project when he was a graduate student in the Tu laboratory.

In 2008, Wigler proposed that such cases, characterized by changes in gene copy number — duplicated or deleted genome segments that leave an individual with extra or missing copies of one or more genes — likely account for at least half of ASD cases.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN): Adding an extra copy of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN to mice produces lower rates of cancer, much as expected, but also increased life span.

Adding an extra copy of the azot gene to increase levels of the azot protein results in more effective destruction of less fit cells, and an increase in life span - in fruit flies at least.

Thus, chronically increased p53 activity causes premature aging in mice, whereas transgenic mice with extra copies of p53 and ARF genes under normal regulation show tumor resistance and extended life span.

In a series of electrophysiological studies, Zoghbi's team further found that neurons from animals with depleted MECP2 levels have reduced electrical activity due to a smaller number of excitatory synapses, whereas cells from animals carrying an extra copy of the gene have increased electrical activity because of an increase in synapse number.

Home Video Notes: Almost Christmas Release Date: 7 February 2017 Almost Christmas releases to home video (Blu - ray / DVD / Digital Copy) with the following extra features: - Even More Gags - Aunt May Unplugged - Home For the Holidays - The Director Diaries - Walter Meyers» Sweet Potato Pie - My Favorite Scene Is... - Working With Actors - Feature Commentary with Director David E. Talbert, Editor Troy Takaki and Apprentice Editor Gene Lewis Jr..

The result was that Xist modified the extra copy so as to deactivate most of its genes and the protein production associated with Down's.

In some breast cancers, the HER - 2 / neu gene is present in extra copies.

Herceptin was tested on 691 women with metastatic breast cancer that carried the extra copies of the HER - 2 / neu gene.