An extra gigatonne per year of CO2 emissions will cause the atmospheric CO2 to grow by a certain amount each year, year after year.
If we wind up emitting
an extra gigatonne [billion metric tons] of CO2 into the atmosphere this year, it commits the Earth to a certain amount of additional warming that can't be taken back — a warming that starts to emerge within decades but will still be with us after thousands of years.
Not exact matches
The Amazon is referred to as a climate tipping point because research shows following a 21st century global average temperature rise most of the Amazon basin may dry out, leading to a massive biome shift — accompanied by many
gigatonnes of
extra CO2 emissions and almost unimaginable biodiversity loss, placing the cascading Anthropocene Extinction in top gear.
Under continuation of current extensive agricultural practices about 1 billion
extra hectares of cropland [that's a lot — the size of the US, a lot more than the planet has on offer] would be required, resulting in
extra annual GHG emissions around 3
gigatonnes of CO2 equivalents.
But in order to align the EU ETS with the Paris Agreement an
extra 1.6
gigatonnes of allowances would have to be squeezed out of the market, forcing a much greater switch to clean energy.
And these taiga forests themselves store already hundreds of
gigatonnes of pure carbon — not the scale of the Permian - Triassic carbon release, but potentially a very nasty
extra.