To sense
extracellular ligands, we targeted the computational re-designed PBPs to the apoplast.
In our system, plants sense and then respond to pM - µM levels of
the extracellular ligand.
Not exact matches
The new research finds that the stiffness of the
extracellular matrix and the availability of certain
ligands (molecules that bind to cell membranes) can together determine which genes are actually called on — and whether normal epithelial cells begin to exhibit the behaviors characteristic of highly malignant cancer cells.
After
ligand binding, the
extracellular portion loses flexibility while the intracellular portion gains it.
The «rotation model»
Ligand binding to the
extracellular part of the receptor induces rotation of the receptor's transmembrane region inside the cell membrane, and in doing so, regulates its activity inside the cell.
Fertilization in humans is initiated by binding of spermatozoa to a selectin
ligand on the egg's
extracellular matrix.
Extracellular protein disulfide isomerase regulates
ligand - binding activity of αMβ2 integrin and neutrophil recruitment during vascular inflammation.
Eph receptor and ephrin
ligand signalling has been implicated in vascular development and in in vivo models of angiogenesis where bi-directional signalling mediates juxtracrine cell — cell contact, cell adhesion to
extracellular matrix and cell migration30, 31,32.
Current techniques used to investigate the effects of
extracellular matrix
ligand presentation on cell functions work by independently manipulating variables like
ligand density, clustering and spacing [3 — 5].
NG2 - positive smooth muscle cells and several NG2 - positive cell lines also proliferate and migrate well in response to soluble type VI collagen, an
extracellular matrix
ligand for the proteoglycan.
PBPs bind the
ligand and develop affinity for the
extracellular domain of a chemotactic protein, Trg.