fMRI signals in the brain's visual cortex as an individual views the checkerboard stimulus.
Not exact matches
Scientists already employ
fMRI, which uses changes
in blood flow as a proxy for
brain activity, to scan the
brains of restrained monkeys, but Berns wanted to train dogs to willingly enter the machine and learn simple things, such as associating a hand
signal with a reward of a hot dog, all the while staying still enough to collect interpretable
brain scans.
In studying the functional behavior of the
brain, from control of muscles to the formation of memories, scientists are using such tools such as electron microscopy, recordings of electrical
signals from individual
brain cells, and imaging of
brain structures and processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging (
fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and high - resolution optical imaging.
Dr Karen Mullinger from The University of Nottingham's Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre said: «This work opens a new window of time
in the
fMRI signal in which we can look at what the
brain is doing.
The
fMRI scan does this by detecting indirect changes
in the
brain's blood flow
in response to changes
in electrical
signalling during the stimulus.
«Deficient neuron - microglia
signaling results
in impaired functional
brain connectivity and social behavior» Y. Zhan, R.C. Paolicelli, F. Sforazzini, L. Weinhard, G. Bolasco, F. Pagani, A. L. Vyssotski, A. Bifone, A. Gozzi, D. Ragozzino, C.T. Gross Nature Neuroscience 17 (3), 400-4006 (2014) «USPIO - loaded Red Blood Cells as a biomimetic MR contrast agent: a relaxometric study» A. Boni, D. Ceratti, A. Antonelli, C. Sfara, M. Magnani, E. Manuali, S. Salamida, A. Gozzi, and A. Bifone Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging 9, 229 - 236 (2014) «Distributed BOLD and CBV - weighted resting - state networks
in the mouse
brain» F. Sforazzini, A.J. Schwarz, A. Galbusera, A. Bifone, and A. Gozzi NeuroImage 87, 403 - 415 (2014) «Antimicrobial peptides design by evolutionary multiobject optimization» G. Maccari, M. Di Luca, R. Nifosì, F. Caldarelli, G. Signore, C. Boccardi, and A. Bifone PloS Computational Biology 9 (9): e1003212 (2013) «Differential effect of orexin - 1 and crf - 1 antagonism on stress circuits: a
fMRI study
in the rat with the pharmacological stressor yohimbine» A. Gozzi, S: Lepore, E: Merlo Pich, and A. Bifone Neuropsychopharmacology 38 (11): 2120 - 2130 (2013) «Water dispersal and functionalization of hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles with lipid - modified poly (amidoamine) dendrimers» A. Boni, L. Albertazzi, C. Innocenti, M. Gemmi, and A. Bifone.
In a typical
fMRI data set acquired during resting - state, BOLD (blood - oxygen level - dependent)
signals often exhibit strong correlations between distant
brain areas despite a lack of external stimuli or a cognitive engagement [1]--[3].
The
fMRI results (event - related design) show that chemosensory anxiety
signals activate
brain areas involved
in the processing of social emotional stimuli (fusiform gyrus), and
in the regulation of empathic feelings (insula, precuneus, cingulate cortex).
Researchers used
fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to reveal that the
brain signals which control food motivation and eating behavior driven by reward are reduced by eating a breakfast rich
in protein.
fMRI scans of males»
brain activity after smelling tears revealed that males»
brains had less activity
in regions associated with sexual arousal, which suggests that odorless tears contain a chemical
signal that men unconsciously detect.