Because Resurfice material contribution if it is applied, does NOT produce a conclusion that any of the possible causes were, in fact,
factual causes (think actual causes).
These would both be «
factual causes» of his injury.
The plaintiff fails on but for against both, despite their being
factual causes.
As the SCC just repeated in R. v. Maybin, 2012 SCC 24 at para. 16: «Legal causation, however, is a narrowing concept which funnels a wider range of
factual causes into those which are sufficiently connected to a harm to warrant legal responsibility.»
[19] As this passage illustrates, every injury has multiple necessary or «but for»
factual causes.
(At least so long as we're speaking just about factual causation, and not remoteness aka
factual cause.)
Amongst other reasons for that result was the realization that, in some cases, juries (and arguably even judges in non jury trials) were using a «substantial factor» analysis to find that negligence which was a but - for cause (whatever but - for means) was not
a factual cause.
However, the only «principles» that he could have been referring to are (a) those which describe the nature of the evidence that was required for a valid decision on the issue of whether the nurses» negligence was
a factual cause and, then, (b) what test to use to decide if the evidence is sufficient on the balance of probability.
Ask yourself this question, but don't go to proximate cause (remoteness) doctrines because they're not about whether something is or is not
a factual cause: are there circumstances in which a necessary connection is NOT a «substantial» connection?)
At least one of the negligent persons» conduct was, for law, not a cause not a probable
factual cause, at least based on a valid application of the but - for test which we are told, again, is the only approved method of establishing factual causation.
«Too» because the premise of the Clements material contribution to risk test is that while the the negligence of least one one of the group of two or more negligent persons who whose conduct is found to be a legal cause was, in fact,
a factual cause, it is also the case that the negligence of at least one of that group was not, in fact,
a factual cause.
But the rule in C v L doesn't mean that the conduct of both hunters was
a factual cause.
It seems to me that you are talking about
a factual cause of the «blow», not the «injury».
The fact that the conduct of the other tortfeasors did occur is what makes it impossible to validly use the but - for test to determine whether the negligence of any of the tortfeasors was
factual cause.
You're providing an opinion on what you think the SCC will do in a personal injury case where, shall we say, the major issue is
factual cause.
Older hands might find that surprising (or not) because the Athey passage was commonly cited before Resurfice by judges looking to explain why the seemingly minor negligence of defendant (usually with sufficient assets, though that point isn't mentioned) was held to be
a factual cause of a plaintiff's serious injury.
In the BCCA's defence, the view that that a necessary
factual cause — the meaning of but - for — has to be a «substantial connection» between the negligence and the injury seems to be what Resurfice held.
* Many Ontario civil litigators (and some others) will know that, some 5 years ago, the Ontario Court of Appeal, in Aristorenas v. Comcare Health Services 2006 CanLII 33850 at para. 63 (ONCA) leave to appeal denied 2007 CanLII 10550 (SCC), adopted a statement from a now very - well known (for other reasons, too) House of Lords decision about the use of «common sense» in decisions about whether X was
a factual cause of Y: «The mere application of «common sense» can not conjure up a proper basis for inferring that an injury must have been caused in one way rather than another...»
Each of the duplicative causes is
a factual cause even though the but - for test can't be used.
In duplicative causation, each cause is
a factual cause.
You'll find, at the link, the PDF version of the (revised version) of the PowerPoint slides I used, last month, as part of a lecture titled «A Plea For Coherence: Making Sense of
Factual Cause» I gave in Vancouver on May 5, 2017 at UBC's law school.
Not exact matches
Information on this blog may contain
factual errors, outdated facts, or misrepresentation of information and I am not liable for any losses (financial or otherwise)
caused as a result of the actions of my readers.
This article describes the
factual allegations,
causes of action and remedies sought by the SEC.
What
factual, objective, verifiable and independent evidence do you, or any other believer, have to definitively and conclusively proof that a first
cause is a god as portrayed in The Babble?
I am (a) A victim of child molestation (b) A r.ape victim trying to recover (c) A mental patient with paranoid delusions (d) A Christian The only discipline known to often
cause people to kill others they have never met and / or to commit suicide in its furtherance is: (a) Architecture; (b) Philosophy; (c) Archeology; or (d) Religion What is it that most differentiates science and all other intellectual disciplines from religion: (a) Religion tells people not only what they should believe, but what they are morally obliged to believe on pain of divine retribution, whereas science, economics, medicine etc. has no «sacred cows» in terms of doctrine and go where the evidence leads them; (b) Religion can make a statement, such as «there is a composite god comprised of God the Father, Jesus and the Holy Spirit», and be totally immune from experimentation and challenge, whereas science can only make
factual assertions when supported by considerable evidence; (c) Science and the scientific method is universal and consistent all over the World whereas religion is regional and a person's religious conviction, no matter how deeply held, is clearly nothing more than an accident of birth; or (d) All of the above.
I really don't want to give up having pretty toes and hands, so I set out to determine if there was any
factual basis to the «nail polish
causes birth defects» assertion.
Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, but please don't use your opinion (which is an opinion — not a fact) to shame or scare people into doing or not doing something; especially if you do not have any
factual evidence (as opposed to «fake» evidence — the foundation for the entire anti-vaccinne movement has been debunked as scientifically inaccurate, so there is no data which backs up the claim that vaccines
cause autism) to back up your stance.
If a new report truly is a false statement of fact that
causes harm to someone's reputation, and if the news reporter has no actual
factual basis for the
factual claim, the First Amendment does permit the courts to impose both civil and criminal liability for the false statements, with civil suits brought by someone who is harmed and criminal liability enforced by the government.
«I wish I did, «
cause he'd be gone but, and I think what he said was ridiculous and it's without
factual basis and he should be ashamed of himself,.»
First, develop a shared
factual description of the
causes of congestion.
It will examine the immediate and remote
causes of the Zaria incident, and assemble a
factual and authoritative account that the government can study and act upon.
As for the
factual inaccuracies not
causing offence, well, I get hopping mad when I see a pack of lies presented as the truth.
The reasoning behind this decision, according to the judgement, is that for non-news programmes the rule on
factual accuracy applies only to «content which materially misleads the audience so as to
cause harm and offence».
In his collection of stories, Borges gives the «histories» of such infamous people as Billy the Kid and John Andrews Murrell — fictionalized by Borges as Lazarus Morell; while much of what he writes is relatively
factual, an ongoing intrusion of invented and modified details
causes a reader to question the overall veracity of his accounts.
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/quikscat-20071001.html In other words, we read in the press that this melt was
caused by global warming effects exceeding projections, but it would be more
factual to say we are seeing natural effects superimposed on global warming effects over a pretty short time frame over which projections aren't specifically made.
His talk, which was recorded and has been posted to the TEDx YouTube page, addressed the idea of climate scientists as «planetary physicians» who can provide the public with
factual information and useful advice about human -
caused climate change.
My
factual comment being «Greenland mass increase last year which would have
caused a drop in the sea level.»
Describing him in her speech as «one of the leading sources of reasoned and
factual information in Australia on global warming and climate change» she didn't mention that Professor Plimer has never published a single peer - reviewed paper on human -
caused climate change.
Saying «there's no sign humans have
caused climate change» is not stating an opinion, it's asserting a
factual inaccuracy.
Judith, You are trying to focus on
factual science and it's
causes and effects.
The article has
caused a major controversy in the climate community, in part because of some
factual errors in the piece — though by and large the piece is an accurate portrayal of worst - case climate catastrophe scenarios.
After a series of embarrassing predictions and wild
factual errors damaged global - warming alarmists» credibility — possibly beyond repair — the United Nations is again warning of impending doom: localized floods and droughts
caused by climate change theoretically linked to human activity.
The dominant GHGs are
factual effects of temperature, not
causes, regardless of what the anyone makes his GCM do.
If the texts above didn't contain some reference to the words «uttering threats» — Case 1 «The accused was charged with uttering threats»; Case 2 «The accused was charged with three counts of threatening to
cause serious bodily harm»; and Case 3: «The respondent was tried on a single charge of uttering a death threat» — can we still predict s. 264.1 (1) of the Criminal code based on merely
factual descriptions?
At Citizen Media Law Project, Sam Bayard criticizes the ruling for confusing «the court's obligation to credit
factual allegations with its duty to determine whether the alleged facts state a
cause of action.»
The admission of this report will
cause prejudice to the plaintiff because despite a very lengthy cross-examination it is not clear what the purpose of Dr. David's report was and what his
factual assumptions were.
The consumption of that alcohol was a proximate (legal and
factual)
cause of the resulting injury to a person (s) and / or their property.
All practitioners should welcome this decision, not least because the likely date of the
cause of action can now be identified with some confidence, at an early stage, without the need to carry out a detailed
factual analysis of when a claimant first suffers financial detriment.
[§ 66] Last but not least, an occupational requirement must be «justified», in the sense that «the church or organisation imposing the requirement is obliged to show, in the light of the
factual circumstances of the case, that the supposed risk of
causing harm to its ethos or to its right of autonomy is probable and substantial, so that imposing such a requirement is indeed necessary.»
1) Circular causation involves
factual situations where it is impossible for the plaintiff to prove which one of two or more possible tortious
causes are the
cause of the plaintiff's harm;