Sentences with word «faculae»

Their surfaces change; dark starspots bubble and bright faculae simmer.

I must stress these are preliminary results and this trend will need to be sustained to have any impact, the negative trends could be a result of background fluctuations in faculae or plage.

Sunspots are surrounded by a rim called faculae, and in this region the temperatures are actually higher than the average solar surface.

This object had an almost circular shape, and a light beam came out from its eastern part that crossed the sunspot to the south of the nucleus, producing a shadow on the penumbra that was lost in the large mass of faculae surrounding the eastern extreme of the sunspot.»

Fewer sunspots meant fewer faculae, so less heat from the Sun.

The study shows how the larger mix of heavy elements leave the spots unchanged, while increasing the contrast of the bright diffuse faculae.

We are working on this and testing multiple ideas; multi-epoch data, high - resolution spectra, and better understanding of the spot and facula properties are likely to be part of the solution.

Because of the variations of sunspots and faculae on the sun's surface, the total solar irradiance (TSI), also called the solar constant, varies on a roughly 11 - year cycle by about 0.07 %, which has been measured by orbiting satellites since 1978 [Lean, 1987, 1991; Wilson et al., 1981].

The Earth - side thermal importance of extra sun spot activity is still being researched and discussed, with the extra sunspot faculae ultraviolet being the source of warming in the upper troposphere and on surface - level ozone.

They noted that empirical models based upon sunspots and faculae do not account for all irradiance variations observed over an activity cycle (see also NRC (1994)-RRB- and base their con - elation on an observed relationship between brightness and excess chromospheric emission, using the Ca II H and...»

The background faculae / plage areas on the magnetogram appearing about the same over the decline period.

On top of that, faculae emit more UV than the solar surface does, and that wavelength of light is preferentially absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, increasing the efficiency of heating.

The effect from faculae is very small, not enough to significantly change the Earth's temperature on their own.

We use a TSI model that is solely based on solar surface magnetic phenomena (sunspots and faculae including network).

The second are known collectively as faculae.

The method we favour gives almost identical umbral and penumbral areas and very similar total magnetic fluxes in faculae.

At the maxima of these cycles, there are more sunspots (which are magnetic phenomena that decrease total irradiance), but new instruments show that these dark sunspots are more than compensated for by bright areas on the sun, called faculae.

Speculation regarding past or future changes in solar radiation is based on what we can infer, indirectly, from past observations of solar activity — particularly bright faculae — since direct measurements of radiation exist for only the last fifteen years.

The origin of a slowly varying irradiance component may derive from changes in the solar faculae and / or in the background solar radiation from solar quiet regions.

That jibes with the idea of a cooling trend during solar minimum; fewer spots means fewer faculae, so the Sun emits less Earth - warming radiation.

The primary known cause of contemporary irradiance variability is the presence on the Sun s disk of sunspots (compact, dark features where radiation is locally depleted) and faculae (extended bright features where radiation is locally enhanced).

There are more than 300 bright areas, called «faculae,» on Ceres.

There is an excess of H and K emission in the faculae which surround sunspots, and epochs of sunspot maximum coincide with epochs of maximum H and K.

Key words: Sun: activity / sunspots / Sun: UV radiation / Sun: faculae, plages / Sun: magnetic fields / Sun: photosphere

While they do dampen sunlight while on the face of the Sun, they are surrounded by intensely bright regions called «faculae» or «plage.»

Since the solar UV irradiance has no long - term trend, the mechanism for the secular change of TSI must differ from the effect of surface magnetism, as manifested by sunspots, faculae, and network which indeed explain well the intra-cycle variability of both total and spectral irradiance.

This more than compensates for the cooler area of the spot; sunspots are about 1 % dimmer than the solar surface, but faculae are 1.1 to 1.5 % brighter.

In this study, we address the question of whether the observed decrease in the TSI is the result of evolving solar surface magnetism (sunspots and faculae).

Key words: methods: data analysis / solar - terrestrial relations / Sun: activity / Sun: faculae, plages / Sun: magnetic fields / sunspots

Because our main goal is to reproduce the centennial solar variability and because magnetograms are unavailable for historical time periods, we scale the faculae and the active network filling factors with the sunspot number instead of using filling factors derived from available magnetogram data.

One explanation for the postulated reduction in solar radiation during the 17th century Maunder Minimum is that the Sun's surface was not only largely devoid of spots and faculae, but also less bright, overall.

In years of maximum solar activity, it is the bright faculae that prevail, raising the levels of both total and UV radiation.

A time series of daily magnetograms and empirical models of the thermal structure of magnetic features (sunspots, faculae) are combined to reconstruct total (and spectral) irradiance from 1996 to 2002.

Key words: Sun: solar - terrestrial relations / methods: data analysis / Sun: activity / Sun: faculae, plages / Sun: magnetic fields / Sun: sunspots

It is the smaller bright spots (faculae) that increase the Sun's output and these were not recorded until more recently.