Second, having adopted an expansive approach to
the fair dealing purposes (and the government having added new purposes that will be subject to a similar expansive analysis), the Court added another wrinkle to the fair dealing test, stating that the first part involves a low threshold: «In mandating a generous interpretation of
the fair dealing purposes, including «research», the Court in CCH created a relatively low threshold for the first step so that the analytical heavy - hitting is done in determining whether the dealing was fair.»
Rather, «piecemeal, informal, exploratory, or confirmatory» research all qualifies as research for
fair dealing purposes.
Northcote also tells Law Times that he was troubled by the suggestion in the judgment that something must come of research or private study in order for
that fair dealing purpose to be considered genuine.
Not exact matches
«
Fair dealing» includes the making of one copy of copyrighted materials for research and educational or private study
purposes.
Anyone wishing to use any text, images, audio and video clips and other content for commercial use, publication, or any
purpose other than
fair dealing as defined by Canadian law, must request and receive prior written permission from Holistic Wellness.
With the exception of
fair dealing permitted by the Copyright Act of 1968, The Detroit Auto Dealers Association grants users of the site permission to download and display Detroit Auto Dealers Association copyright material only for private
purposes.
In publishing speak, trade shows are known as book
fairs and serve several
purposes: 1) Provide a venue for publishers to display new titles to an audience of librarians and booksellers; 2) Enable publishers to showcase titles in front of foreign rights agents to discuss possible rights
deals; 3) Serve as a «book event» enabling all forms of media to discuss book - publishing happenings.
A sale of property to a family member or someone who you are not
dealing with at «arm's length» generally takes place — for tax
purposes — at
fair market value.
There is «
fair dealing» in database rights to the extent that anyone has a right to extract & reuse an insubstantial portion of the database (not really defined in law but it's very small) for any
purpose, or where the portion is substantial, extract and use data for non-commercial research or private study.
The CVA invoked the
fair dealing defence on the basis that it sought the article for an educational
purpose, which the Court expressly found «disingenuous».
This ruling is likely to reinforce a classroom friendly interpretation of the addition of «education» (as well as «parody or satire») to the allowed
purposes for
fair dealing in the Act to Amend the Copyright Act, which received royal assent on June 29th, 20012 and will likely take effect in the fall (see Michael Geist's blog).
You may have a a
Fair Use /
Dealing defense for the content, depending on the
purpose and nature of your usage.
The whole
purpose of the
fair delaing test is to determine whether the permitted
dealing is
fair.
This exception, known as the breach of the implied covenant of good faith and
fair dealing, prohibits an employer from terminating an employee who is paid on a commission basis for the
purposes of preventing that employee from earning his or her commission that is about to become due.
The Defendants denied infringement, relying primarily upon the defence of
fair dealing for the
purposes of reporting current events according to Article 5 (3)(c) of the Information Society Directive and secondarily upon immunities for acting as a mere conduit and hosting under Articles 12 and 14 of Directive 2000 / 31 / EC («the E-Commerce Directive»).
The
Fair Dealing copyright exception allows copying portions of works for the
purpose of study.
«The implied covenant of good faith and
fair dealing exists to ensure that parties to a contract act with «faithfulness to an agreed common
purpose and consistency with the justified expectations of the other party.»»
al., v Access Copyright, 2010 FCA 198) where they making photocopies of textbooks for use in a classroom for educational
purposes was not
fair dealing.
In Canada, the Copyright Act says that «
fair dealing» with a work for
purposes of private study or research, or for criticism, review or news reporting won't infringe copyright.
the
dealing is
fair — as determined with reference to six non-exhaustive factors: the
purpose of the
dealing, the character of the
dealing, the amount of the
dealing / copying, alternatives to the
dealing, the nature of the work, and the effect of the
dealing on the work.
The court adopted six criteria to determine whether the
dealing in a particular case is
fair: (1) the
purpose of the
dealing; (2) the character of the
dealing; (3) the amount of the
dealing; (4) alternatives to the
dealing; (5) the nature of the work; and (6) the effect of the
dealing on the work.
Does Bill C - 32 permit circumvention of TPMs to permit copying for
fair dealing, educational and other
purposes?
While the majority determined that these copies could be considered
fair dealing (the end user was the student and considerations towards their research should weigh in their favour), the minority believed that since the teacher would be doing the copying, the teacher's
purpose should weigh in their favour.
In SOCAN v Bell, the court had to determine if an online preview of a song could be considered «research» for the
purpose of avoiding a claim of copyright infringement under a
fair dealing exception.
Thus the
fair dealing provision would shelter intermediaries who act on their own initiative and do not themselves have an allowable
purpose.
The Copyright Act provides that any «
fair dealing» with a work for
purposes of private study or research, or for criticism, review or news reporting is not infringement.
Note that the CCH decision never describes the first - stage
purposes test as having a low threshold, though a broad and liberal interpretation may lead to that conclusion, as it ensures that the user's right of
fair dealing will benefit from a full analysis of whether the use is
fair.
29.2
Fair dealing for the
purpose of news reporting does not infringe copyright if the following are mentioned: [paragraphs as in s. 29.1]
This is consistent with a balanced copyright system that addresses both creator rights and user rights, since the analysis focuses on whether the use of or
dealing with a work is
fair, not whether it fits within one of the
fair dealing categories or
purposes.
It would subject all unauthorized copying for others that might be for their research, private study, criticism, review or news reporting
purposes into an allowable
purpose for the copier, greatly expanding the scope of the
fair dealing exception.
Conventional
fair use may require only a single test to determine fairness, but the Canadian
fair dealing /
fair use hybrid comes close by ensuring that virtually all uses will meet the
purposes standard and proceed to the second - stage, six - factor analysis described above.
Indeed, with the inclusion of consumer research and «personal interest» within the definition,
fair dealing research covers common commercial activities as well, opening the door to greater business reliance on the research
purpose within
fair dealing.
29.1
Fair dealing for the
purpose of criticism or review does not infringe copyright if the following are mentioned:
The Canadian Copyright Act states that
fair dealing (as it is called in Canada) for the
purpose of research, private study, education, parody or satire does not infringe copyright.