Second, having adopted an expansive approach to the fair dealing purposes (and the government having added new purposes that will be subject to a similar expansive analysis), the Court added another wrinkle to
the fair dealing test, stating that the first part involves a low threshold: «In mandating a generous interpretation of the fair dealing purposes, including «research», the Court in CCH created a relatively low threshold for the first step so that the analytical heavy - hitting is done in determining whether the dealing was fair.»
While the first - stage
fair dealing test should now be very easy to meet, Canadian fair dealing resembles US fair use in another way — it is not a free - for - all, since merely meeting the first - stage test only opens the door to the full fairness analysis.
1) «Research» as described in the case is a very low hurdle to overcome and provides an expansive approach to the first part of
the fair dealing test laid out in CCH Canadian Ltd v Law Society of Upper Canada.
2) In determining whether the specific dealing at issue was fair or not under the second part of
the fair dealing test, the reviewing courts should give deference to first instance courts that make a determination on this issue.
While he was unsure of the application of the equity doctrine to Canadian copyright law, he mentioned one possibility could be new factors being added to the six factor CCH
fair dealing test.
Not exact matches
We were brought on a prompt
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The disagreement between the two bodies was on the second
test, «whether the
dealing is «
fair»» (which I consider below).
The whole purpose of the
fair delaing
test is to determine whether the permitted
dealing is
fair.
Disagreeing with Lord Justice Chadwick's formulation in Oxley v Hiscock [2004] EWCA Civ 546, [2004] 3 All ER 703, that the beneficial interest should be apportioned to by reference to what is
fair having regard to the whole course of
dealing between the parties, Lord Neuberger emphasised that fairness was not the appropriate
test.
Fair dealing is not free
dealing, since the factual
tests of fairness must still be met.
«We were able to sit down with the University of Toronto and [Western] and there are some uses that constitute
fair dealing but there remains a significant amount of copying that wouldn't pass the fairness
test.
Note that the CCH decision never describes the first - stage purposes
test as having a low threshold, though a broad and liberal interpretation may lead to that conclusion, as it ensures that the user's right of
fair dealing will benefit from a full analysis of whether the use is
fair.
Conventional
fair use may require only a single
test to determine fairness, but the Canadian
fair dealing /
fair use hybrid comes close by ensuring that virtually all uses will meet the purposes standard and proceed to the second - stage, six - factor analysis described above.
I am not suggesting that people taking their driving
test should not be capable of
dealing with some parked obstructions safely, but encountering large vehicles that are difficult to negotiate right at the beginning of your driving
test when a correct decision could make the difference between a pass and a fail, is hardly
fair particularly when the vehicles are illegally parked.