Finally, although a large number of
family background variables were controlled for in our analysis there may be many more that can impact on children's outcomes.
Treating childhood obesity:
family background variables and the child's success in a weight - control intervention
Typically, researchers studying voucher effects attempt to isolate the effect of receiving a voucher from
family background variables by comparing students who have the opportunity to use vouchers and choose to pursue it with those that do not take advantage of their opportunity.
Raymond and her team removed
the family background variables from the Quality Counts Chance - for - Success Index to create a new index that includes only school - related factors.
For instance,
the family background variables we used to control for such differences may have failed to capture more nuanced variations in parental interest in education.
Not exact matches
In order to figure out why, the researchers ruled out a number of possibilities by controlling for
variables such as
family background and health.
They asked them questions about their
family background, attitude toward music, their beliefs about themselves as musicians, and questions relating to peer influence and other
variables.
After controlling for
background variables such as
family status and income, the researchers determined that each hour of lost sleep was associated with a 38 percent increase in the odds of feeling sad and hopeless, a 42 percent increase in considering suicide, a 58 percent increase in suicide attempts and a 23 percent increase in substance abuse.
The reality is that youngsters» musical development is: a) extremely
variable; and b) dependent very much on
family background and in particular on the musical opportunities offered to them early in life.
This approach privileges
family background over any indicators of school resources or peer group relationships, as it implicitly attributes all shared variation to those
variables included in the first step of the stepwise modeling.
Because students and parents selectively chose schools, however, OLS estimates may be biased by correlation between school choice and unobserved
variables related to ability, motivation, or
family background.
Many wondered whether these possible effects of child care could be attributed to other
variables: the individual characteristics of the children, the child care providers, the other members of the children's peer group, or the
family backgrounds themselves.
However, researchers generally agree that up to two - thirds of the variation in student achievement is explainable by individual student characteristics like
family background and such
variables.
By using a variety of
variables focusing on student achievement,
family background, and school characteristics from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS: 09) I wanted to see if I could shed light on the school choice debate.
Although evidence about the influence of student and
family backgrounds on student success in school is incontrovertible (e.g., Henderson, 1987; Sanders and Epstein, 1998; Snow et al., 1991; Walberg, 1984), there remains considerable conflict about how this
variable should be addressed in district and school improvement efforts.
There are also indications that they do so in relatively complex ways that interact with
family background and social context
variables such as ethnicity,
family structure, maternal employment status, socioeconomic status, and gender (Schiamberg & Chin, 1986; Milne, 1989; Tocci & Englehard, 1991; Zimilies & Lee, 1991; Lee & Croninger, 1994).
Furthermore, ethnic and racial
background significantly moderated the effects of
family systems
variables on engagement in the intervention.
The data were collected with an electronic questionnaire that contained
background variables related to the couple's relationship,
family and the deceased child.
Background: The study examines the associations of parent, teacher and self - report evaluations of child psychopathology, help - seeking
variables and
family factors with the use of child mental health services.