Sentences with word «fascicle»

Ultrasound measurements of muscle fascicle length can be direct or indirect.

Nevertheless, this method is obviously not useful for measuring changes in muscle fascicle length as a result of a training intervention.

The upper fibers tend to be slightly less pennated and shorter, while the lower fibers appear to be more pennated and display longer fascicle lengths.

Langendefer et al. (2004) reported fascicle lengths of 137 mm and 143 mm for the clavicular and sternocostal portion respectively.

Although only a small number of studies have assessed fascicle lengths of the gluteus maximus, there is some consistency in the reported findings (Friederich & Brand 1990; Horsman et al. 2007; Ward et al. 2009; Barker et al. 2014).

A collaboration between researchers in Japan and the United States has led to a new microdevice that successfully forms fascicles in the lab.

Muscle fascicle rotation during muscular contractions causes muscle contraction velocity to exceed the muscle fiber contraction velocity (Zuurbier & Huijing, 1992; Wakahara et al. 2013).

The adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis and pectineus display similar fascicle lengths, while the gracilis is much longer and the obturator externus is much shorter.

Thirdly, they can fit together sequences of images that do cover the entire fascicle length (Hedrick, 2000).

«3 - D axon assemblies pave the way for drug discovery: Scientists report a new microdevice that prepares axon fascicles in the lab like those seen in the brain.»

Comparisons with other muscles have demonstrated that the gluteus medius contains shorter fascicle lengths than many of the others in the lower body, although not the very shortest, but this is a function of its overall size (Ward et al. (2009).

This study aimed to see how fascicle lengths change following training interventions of either lengthening or shortening contractions.

Because fascicles are disrupted in many neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, the research group theorized that understanding their formation could give clues on the prevention of a number of diseases.

Narici et al. (1996) reported that the resting fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was 57.0 mm and decreased to 34.0 mm depending on the joint angle measured.

However, muscle fascicle PA does not remain constant during muscular contractions but in fact increases substantially as force is applied (Narici et al. 1996; Fukunaga et al. 1997; Kawakami et al. 1998; Maganaris et al. 1998).

The arrangement of muscle fascicles within a muscle tends to form specific patterns.

2) If you look closely at the authors conclusions «Thus, increases in end ROM were underpinned by increases in maximum tolerable passive joint moment (stretch tolerance) and both muscle and fascicle elongation rather than changes in volitional muscle activation or motoneuron pool excitability.»

For example, individuals who have shorter and more pennated fascicles are at greater risk of hamstring strain injury (Silder et al. 2010; Timmins et al. 2015a; Timmins et al. 2015c).

These findings and the relative ease of the experiments suggest the microdevice will be applicable to testing experimental drug compounds that prevent fascicle degeneration caused by disease.

Several technologies allow scientists to generate and study single axons in the lab, but none are effective at creating nerve fascicles.

In agreement, Maganaris et al. (1998) reported that the medial gastrocnemius fascicle length measured 43.9 — 45.0 mm.

In contrast, O'Sullivan et al. (2009) measured the trapezius fascicles using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and found that the muscle thickness ranged between 3.8 — 15.4 mm depending on the muscle region and the part of the muscle being measured.

Pennated muscle fascicles actually rotate during contractions, which reduces the effective pennation angle (Brainerd & Azizi, 2005), and the amount of rotation is greater in faster contractions (Azizi et al. 2008).

It appears the soleus displays the smallest fascicle length and the lateral gastrocnemius displays the largest.

The rectus abdominis displays the characteristics of a fusiform muscle, where the muscle fascicles extend the entire length of the muscle.

They reported average fascicle lengths for the lateral, long and medial heads of 82.5, 136.5 and 120.0 mm, respectively.

The rectus abdominis is the primary flexor of the spine given its large attachment sites at the pelvis and ribcage, and fascicle orientation (Lehman et al. 2001; Delp et al. 2001).

Prior to this recent trial, there had been no formal measurements of pentagon angle by individual region, although it was ofen noted that fascicle orientaton difers across the muscle belly and that all studies agree that the middle fbers display a vertical arrangement (see review by Flack et al. 2012).

Measurements of gluteus medius fascicle length have generally been quite similar, at 58.2 mm (Friederich and Brand, 1990), 73.3 ± 15.7 mm (Ward et al. 2009) and 52.2 ± 8.4 mm (Flack et al. 2014).

In this respect, it has been suggested that in order to qualify as a separate region, the relevant part of the muscle must be innervated by a separate primary nerve branch and display at least one different muscle architectural feature (i.e. fascicle length or pennation angle), muscle fiber type, or attachment site (see review by Flack et al. 2012).

Published in: The Annals of «Dunarea de Jos» University, Fascicle I Economics and Applied Informatics, 2009, ISSN 1584 - 0409, Vol.

Longer fascicle lengths also seem to increase the joint angle for force production to longer muscle lengths (Brughelli & Cronin, 2007; Brughelli et al. 2010).

In the body, they aggregate to form fascicles.

Narici et al. (1996) also reported fascicle length in the proximal, central and distal regions of the medial gastrocnemius.

Both short and long heads have relatively large physiological cross sectional areas in comparison to other muscles of the upper body but similar fascicle lengths.

Direct measurements are performed in the fortunate cases when the entire fascicle can be observed on the same sonographic image (Noorkoiv et al. 2010).

To form axon fascicles, the research teams manufactured a microdevice in which human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells were injected.

Its muscle architecture demonstrates that its role is largely one of joint stabilisation, with a very large physiological cross-sectional area (comparable to the gluteus maximus), a very high pennation angle (parts reach 45 degrees) and a comparatively short fascicle length.

Overall, it appears that the medial gastrocnemius displays a resting fascicle length ranging between 43.9 — 62.7 mm.

Increasing muscle fascicle length through eccentric training could therefore be a valuable method for improving athletic performance in movements that have peak contractions at long muscle lengths, such as the terminal swing phase of sprinting, or the ground contact phase of sharp change of direction (COD) maneuvers.

Those who trained with lengthening contractions saw a rapid (< 14 days) increase in fascicle length, with a loss of any gains following the four weeks off at the end.

Those who trained with shortening contractions saw a rapid (< 14 days) reduction in fascicle length, with no changes following the four week break.

What molecular signaling caused the spontaneous entry remains unexplained, but fascicles were detected in more than 90 % of experiments, convincing the researchers the value of the microdevice design.

However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that the fascicle's 3D structure has an essential role in axon function.