Included in the PowerPoint: Macroeconomic Objectives (AS Level) a) Aggregate Demand (AD) and Aggregate Supply (AS) analysis - the shape and determinants
of AD and AS curves; AD = C+I+G + (X-M)- the distinction between a movement along and a shift in AD and AS - the interaction
of AD and AS and the determination
of the level
of output, prices and employment b) Inflation - the definition
of inflation; degrees
of inflation and the measurement
of inflation; deflation and disinflation - the distinction between money values and real data - the cause
of inflation (cost - push and demand - pull inflation)- the consequences
of inflation c) Balance
of payments - the components
of the balance
of payments accounts (using the IMF / OECD definition): current account; capital and financial account; balancing item - meaning
of balance
of payments equilibrium and disequilibrium - causes
of balance
of payments disequilibrium in each component
of the accounts - consequences
of balance
of payments disequilibrium on domestic and external economy d) Exchange
rates - definitions and measurement
of exchange
rates - nominal, real, trade - weighted exchange
rates - the determination
of exchange
rates - floating,
fixed, managed float - the factors underlying changes in exchange
rates - the effects
of changing exchange
rates on the domestic and external economy using AD, Marshall - Lerner and J curve analysis - depreciation / appreciation - devaluation / revaluation e) The Terms
of Trade - the measurement
of the terms
of trade - causes
of the changes in the terms
of trade - the impact
of changes in the terms
of trade f) Principles
of Absolute and comparative advantage - the distinction between absolute and comparative advantage - free trade area, customs union, monetary union, full economic union - trade creation and trade diversion - the benefits
of free trade, including the trading possibility curve g) Protectionism - the meaning
of protectionism in the context
of international trade - different methods
of protection and their impact, for example, tariffs, import duties and quotas, export subsidies, embargoes, voluntary export restraints (VERs) and excessive administrative burdens («red tape»)- the arguments in
favor of protectionism This PowerPoint is best used when using worksheets and activities to help reinforce the ideas talked about.
Pursuing income with an all - weather bond portfolioDiverse opportunities: The fund invests across all sectors
of the U.S. bond market, including mortgage - backed, corporate, and government bonds.A flexible strategy: The portfolio managers pursue an attractive level
of income, adjusting the portfolio to
favor attractive sectors as interest
rates and market conditions change.Leading research: The managers, supported by Putnam's
fixed - income research division, analyze a range
of bonds to build a competitive portfolio.