A design value is the three - year average of pollution concentrations measured at each monitoring location and is used to determine whether a county is in attainment
with federal air quality standards.
The Danskammer Plant, located along the shore of the Hudson River in the town of Newburgh, New York, has been responsible for more toxic pollution than nearly all of the total 646 industrial sites in the state and numerous violations
of federal air quality standards.
When ozone exposure decreased by 10 parts per billion — and was at a level well below
the federal air quality standard — the workers were 5.5 percent more productive.
Since a large body of evidence links pollution with poor health, and health is an important part of human capital, efforts to reduce pollution could plausibly be viewed as an investment in human capital and thus a tool for promoting economic growth... We find robust evidence that ozone levels well below
federal air quality standards have a significant impact on productivity: a 10 ppb decrease in ozone concentrations increases worker productivity by 4.2 percent.