Odgers and her colleagues identified three subgroups of
female juvenile offenders based on self - reported offending profiles.110 Within a sample of incarcerated female offenders, the study found a low - offending group, a delinquent group, and a highly violent and delinquent group.
Not exact matches
Second, studies of the experiences of
female offenders in the
juvenile justice system point to a number of conclusions regarding treatment of
female offenders at the «front - end» of the system.
In a culture in which men are from Mars and women are from Venus, it is tempting to leap straight to the conclusion that if the
juvenile justice system is now dealing with a sizable proportion of
female offenders, then something must be done to make the system more responsive to their presumably gender - specific needs.
The large number of
female offenders with mental health problems (see the article in this volume by Thomas Grisso), however, combined with the relative scarcity of community - based treatment options (see the article in this volume by Peter Greenwood), suggests that the
juvenile justice system is functioning as a source (however ineffective) of otherwise unavailable mental health treatment, especially for girls.
I begin with a review of historical trends in arrest rates, processing, and
juvenile justice system experiences of
female offenders.
Research within clinical populations consistently finds that girls are more often abused than boys, although research focused on the broader population of community youth has not shown such gender differences in rates of physical maltreatment.72
Female offenders typically are abused before their first offense.73 Among girls in the California
juvenile justice system, 92 percent report some form of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse.74 Self - reported victimization rates among boys in the
juvenile justice system are considerably lower, though boys may be more likely than girls to underreport certain forms of abuse.75 Some studies report abuse rates for males between 25 percent and 31 percent, while others report rates of 10 percent for sexual abuse and 47 percent for physical abuse.76 Closer comparison reveals that delinquent males and
females tend to report different types of traumas as well.
This approach presupposes that one theory, model, or program can be used to understand and respond to the needs of all young women in the
juvenile justice system.109 The prevalence of such one - size - fits - all approaches to
female offenders may, in fact, explain why little progress has been made on understanding the etiology of
female offending.
Cauffman concludes that
female offenders are likely to require continued support long after their direct involvement with the
juvenile justice system.
17 Girls who enter the
juvenile justice system may differ fundamentally from both male
offenders and
female non-
offenders.
Different studies have reached different conclusions about whether the
juvenile justice system is more or less lenient toward
female offenders at various stages of processing.