Two papers in this new thematic series of the journal shed light on the «
female protective effect» — the theory that there is a mechanism protecting the developing female brain from autism.
The researchers say this supports the «
female protective effect» hypothesis because females with autism carry greater genetic load predisposing them to develop the condition, compared to males.
This could cause them to overcome the «
female protective effect», although this interpretation of their results awaits testing at the molecular level.
«This is some of the first evidence in a mouse model of autism of a «
female protective effect,» from the behavioral to the molecular level,» says Nicola Grissom, first author of the study who is now an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Minnesota.
Not exact matches
Study authors selected 1,550 European and African - American individuals (766
females, 784 males) who had a full drink of alcohol before age 18, since the ADH1B variant is expected to exhibit a
protective effect only in response to alcohol consumption.
Interestingly, androgen blockade might have potential renal -
protective effects, which was already shown in hypertensive male and
female rat models treated with antiandrogens (328, 329).
Diabetes appears to attenuate the
protective effect of the
female sex in the development of cardiac diseases and nephropathy.
Thus, diabetes appears to attenuate the otherwise
protective effect of
female sex on progression of cardiomyopathy, which is similar to the conditions in CVD, although the exact underlying mechanisms are still unclear.
This data confirms that diabetes, even at an early stage, attenuates the
protective effect of
female sex and increases the risk for CVD in
females to a greater extent than in males.
The striking
effect of neutering in
female Golden Retrievers compared to male and
female Labradors, and male Golden Retrievers, suggests that for this gender and breed the presence of gonadal hormones has a
protective effect against cancers over most years of the dog's life.
Aside from their key findings on risk factors, they also found grade 1 level evidence in favor of a
protective effect for the
female hormone estrogen, cholesterol lowering drugs (statins), drugs to lower high blood pressure, and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
For these reasons, whether
protective factors exert different
effects within the context of victimization in
female versus male adolescents should be investigated.