Sentences with word «femtosecond»

Electron motions induced by a strong electric field are mapped in space and time with the help of femtosecond x-ray pulses.

While some theories point to polarizability and ion size, Saykally and his colleagues used femtosecond laser spectroscopy to examine water molecules around simple ions.

Kim et al. used femtosecond x-ray laser pulses to probe micrometer - sized water droplets cooled to 227 K (see the Perspective by Gallo and Stanley).

Using femtosecond spectroscopy as well as other spectroscopic time - domain methods, the researchers were able to make the first quantitative mobility and lifetime measurements on the charge carriers.

These opportunities include the use of short - pulsed X-ray sources for extracting time - dependent structural information from proteins; and the revolutionary new possibilities created by X-ray Free Electron Lasers, which combine ultrafast X-ray pulses with high brilliance focussing capabilities to create an entirely new regime of pre-damage time - resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on unprecedented time - scales.

Involvement with other tasks: Protein crystallization will be carried out at UROM and preparation for Serial femtosecond crystallography experiments.

The laser pulses namely have to be amply strong and extremely short — on the order of femtoseconds in duration (millionths of a billionth of a second).

In combination with a pump - probe technique, this method enables to reveal mechanisms of molecular processes, which typically occur on the subpicosecond or femtosecond time scale.

We have valid science working the Big Bang back to a few femtoseconds after the expansion started.

For development of innovative spectroscopic techniques based on femtosecond optical frequency combs

Pulse duration of 45 femtoseconds for monochromatized harmonics is 300 times shorter than the typical pulse duration of synchrotron radiation (15 picoseconds) and is comparable to the pulse length of a free - electron laser (FEL).

X-probe presents a state - of - the - art scientific research and training programme that builds upon current and developing X-ray source technology so as to extract dynamical information on protein conformational changes from femtoseconds to seconds.

We have math and science worked out to a couple femtoseconds after this singularity began expanding.

In a mirrored laser chamber, those pulses bounce back and forth, and the individual frequency components can be made to cancel each other out over most of their pulse length, while reinforcing each other in a fleeting pulse just a few tens of femtoseconds long.

A pattern of local perturbations, induced by femtosecond laser, acts in concert to effectively shape the transmitted light.

They found that even the briefest of pulses in the nanosecond to femtosecond range produced a microscopic explosion called a cavitation bubble powerful enough to damage nearby cells.

By resolving the binding energy of the excess electron in real time with femtosecond resolution, we captured the ultrafast dynamics of the electron in the presolvated («wet») and hydrated states and obtained, as a function of cluster size, the subsequent relaxation times.

This allowed them to see the small diamonds that form in fractions of a second with a technique called femtosecond X-ray diffraction.

Only lasers firing in femtosecond bursts — like a strobe flashing every thousandth of a picosecond — can capture the fleeting molecular structures that reacting chemicals form on their way to a final product.

Femtosecond researchers are developing a new method of laser eye surgery that operates directly on the cornea without damaging the tissue above it.

«Under intense optical fields, a current was generated within a fraction of an optical cycle — a half femtosecond.

With the recent expanded capability, Continuum now offers high peak power femtosecond lasers such as ultra-intense high contrast systems and high power CEP - stabilized sub-20 fs lasers.

However, the quality of electron beams has only recently become good enough to enable femtosecond studies.

Electrons will be used as a fast camera shutter to capture snapshots of samples as they change over femtoseconds, or quadrillionths of a second.

Those particles spontaneously come into being — for mere femtoseconds — and are then gone again.

In contrast, excitation with femtosecond infrared laser pulses enables also the formation of carbon dioxide.

Imaging with single electrons can track structural dynamics of gold and graphite in real space with femtosecond temporal resolution and angstrom spatial resolution.

Although X-rays deeply penetrate the electron clouds, interacting with the electrons closest to the nuclei, they don't yet do so with high enough resolution to precisely determine the nuclear positions in current femtosecond X-ray studies.

From the rotation and the nuclear motion in molecules captured in the last decades with femtosecond technology, we are now able for the first time to track in real time the response of electrons bound in atoms,» Dr. Goulielmakis pointed out.

«Extremely fast femtosecond (one - quadrillionth of a second) laser pulses record snapshots of the PSII crystals before they explode in the X-ray beam, a principle called «diffraction before destruction.»»

As each flash is intense enough to completely ionise a neon atom and release an electron, the researchers could use those electrons like a flashgun, to illuminate some of the original 2.5 femtosecond trigger pulses of laser light.

The instrument — a scanning Kerr microscope — bounced femtosecond pulses of laser light off the surface of rectangular Ni80Fe20 samples, measuring 15 nanometers thick and grown on small strips of gold.

The reported femtosecond time resolution of four - dimensional (4D) electron microscopy represents an advance of 10 orders of magnitude over that of conventional EELS methods.

Here, we demonstrate the potential of time - resolved, femtosecond electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for mapping electronic structural changes in the course of nuclear motions.

Femtosecond tracking of an electron probe beam reveals correlated electronic and nuclear motion in laser - heated graphite.

It will maximize the quality and quantity of X-ray diffraction data collected using the recently established femtosecond serial crystallography approach.

Whereas femtosecond spectroscopy served to study and control atomic motion, attosecond spectroscopy now directly addresses the fundamentals of the interaction of light with matter.

Applying femtosecond x-ray methods, researchers at the Max - Born - Institute in Berlin (Germany) and the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (Switzerland) observed an extremely fast, collective electron transfer of ~ 100 molecular ions after excitation of a single electron in a crystal of transition metal complexes.

The beam of relatively broad peaks ends up as a series of sharp, high - intensity femtosecond bursts of light.

The team at Imperial now plans to build a cheap femtosecond laser for use in medical scanning.

But while femtosecond lasers are invaluable to chemists and physicists in the study of ultra-fast reactions, existing tunable devices cost around # 160 000, require expensive maintenance and occupy an entire laboratory bench.

Most tunable femtosecond lasers use expensive and bulky argon - ion lasers to feed green «pump» light into the device.

The two types the team uses are photo - induced spectroscopy to determine the change in absorption after femtosecond photo - pulse excitation, and electrochemical spectroscopy to examine the absorption change due to charge injection.

The high - energy optical lasers at MEC combined with LCLS's X-ray pulses — which last just femtoseconds, or quadrillionths of a second — allowed the scientists to directly measure the chemical reaction.

A clockwork based on a mode - locked femtosecond laser provides output pulses at a 1 - gigahertz rate that are phase - coherently locked to the optical frequency.