Studies have variously
found small positive effects, small negative effects, or, often, no effects.
The most recent national charter school study
finds a small positive effect in reading and a small negative effect in mathematics.
Not exact matches
While the
effect of moving from a lower - to a middle - tier school or from a middle - to an upper - tier school was
found to be
positive, it was so
small as to be barely measurable.
Pooling
findings from all four studies, the researchers
found that taking photos had a reliably
positive effect on visual memory and a
smaller but reliable negative
effect on auditory memory.
«The meta - analytic study requires a certain number of studies (at least 17 - 20 experiments) to detect
smaller effects and to avoid false -
positive results (if the
findings are driven by the
effect of single experiments),» Zinchenko said.
Because of
small sample size, the changes in tumor - initiating cell number were not significant (P > 0.05), but these data are supportive of the in vitro
findings and suggest that hypoxia may have a
positive effect on the tumor - initiating cell population in ER - α —
positive breast cancers and a negative
effect in ER - α — negative tumors.
The review
found a net
positive effect on student achievement — that's encouraging — but the researchers could not identify common characteristics from such a
small and varied sample.
To eliminate the
effects of any chance differences in performance caused by other observable characteristics, our analysis takes into account students» age, gender, race, and eligibility for the free lunch program; whether they had been assigned to a
small class; and whether they were assigned to a teacher of the same race — which earlier research using these same data
found to have a large
positive effect on student performance (see «The Race Connection,» Spring 2004).
Finally, Harman notes that several
small studies have
found that the Schools Attuned program «has a
positive effect on student and teacher outcomes.»
Find the reciprocal of a number given as a fraction or decimal · Use index laws to calculate with squares and cubes · Use index laws to simplify and calculate the value of numerical expressions involving multiplication and division of integer powers, and powers of a power ·
Find the prime factor decomposition of
positive integers and write in index form · Know the
effects that a change of place value has on a calculation · Multiply and divide by any number between 0 and 1 · Multiply and divide decimal numbers by whole numbers and decimal numbers (up to 2 d.p.), eg 266.22 ¸ 0.34 · Use brackets and the hierarchy of operations (BIDMAS) · Use index notation for integer powers of 10 · Add, subtract any numbers including negative decimals · Check answers by inverse calculation ·
Find the common factors and common multiples of two
small numbers
A second - order meta - analysis of 25 meta - analyses encompassing over 1,000 studies and 40 years of research on technology and classroom learning
found that the use of technology in the classrooms shows a
small to moderate
positive effect on student learning, as compared to technology - free traditional instruction.
A meta - analysis (including 74 rigorous studies and over 56,000 K - 12 students)
found that mathematics computer applications produce a
small but
positive effect on mathematics achievement, and, specifically, programs that supplement traditional math instruction with additional instruction at students» individualized assessed levels of need showed greater
effects on math achievement.
«Research
found that it had annual impacts of about one - quarter of a standard deviation in math and
small but still
positive effects on reading.»
Some studies show
positive effects on attendance and outcomes in
smaller districts, although a 2010 Georgia study
found students had improved passing rates on state - administered exams in larger districts.
We
find some
small differences across charter types, but none of the charter school enrollment
effects on test score growth for any cohort were
positive among any of the three types examined.
Scientists have
found that wind farms can have a
positive effect on wildlife, with some species of birds even using the towering pylons as new feeding grounds as
small creatures make their homes there.
To point out just a couple of things: — oceans warming slower (or cooling slower) than lands on long - time trends is absolutely normal, because water is more difficult both to warm or to cool (I mean, we require both a bigger heat flow and more time); at the contrary, I see as a non-sense theory (made by some serrist, but don't know who) that oceans are storing up heat, and that suddenly they will release such heat as a
positive feedback: or the water warms than no heat can be considered ad «stored» (we have no phase change inside oceans, so no latent heat) or oceans begin to release heat but in the same time they have to cool (because they are losing heat); so, I don't feel strange that in last years land temperatures for some series (NCDC and GISS) can be heating up while oceans are slightly cooling, but I feel strange that they are heating up so much to reverse global trend from slightly negative / stable to slightly
positive; but, in the end, all this is not an evidence that lands» warming is led by UHI (but, this
effect, I would not exclude it from having a
small part in temperature trends for some regional area, but just
small); both because, as writtend, it is normal to have waters warming slower than lands, and because lands» temperatures are often measured in a not so precise way (despite they continue to give us a global uncertainity in TT values which is barely the instrumental's one)-- but, to point out, HadCRU and MSU of last years (I mean always 2002 - 2006) follow much better waters» temperatures trend; — metropolis and larger cities temperature trends actually show an increase in UHI
effect, but I think the sites are few, and the covered area is very
small worldwide, so the global
effect is very poor (but it still can be sensible for regional
effects); but I would not run out a
small warming trend for airport measurements due mainly to three things: increasing jet planes traffic, enlarging airports (then more buildings and more asphalt — if you follow motor sports, or simply live in a town / city, you will know how easy they get very warmer than air during day, and how much it can slow night - time cooling) and overall having airports nearer to cities (if not becoming an area inside the city after some decade of hurban growth, e.g. Milan - Linate); — I
found no point about UHI in towns and villages; you will tell me they are not large cities; but, in comparison with 20-40-60 years ago when they were «countryside», many
small towns and villages have become part of larger hurban areas (at least in Europe and Asia) so examining just larger cities would not be enough in my opinion to get a full view of UHI
effect (still remembering that it has a
small global
effect: we can say many matters are due to UHI instead of GW, maybe even that a
small part of measured GW is due to UHI, and that GW measurements are not so precise to make us able to make good analisyses and predictions, but not that GW is due to UHI).
But if they
found a
small negative or
positive feedback without specifying the overall
effect on warming, then it would be put as no position.
A
small - scale trial in the UK
found that using OneNote's Learning Tools had a
positive effect on the learning experience for students with dyslexia.
A companion report
finds that the programs produced a pattern of
small,
positive effects on couples» relationships after 12 months.
The key
finding in this research is that welfare and employment programs that increase parental employment and income had
small and consistently
positive effects on the developmental outcomes of children who were preschool - and elementary school - aged at study entry.
The size of the CfC impacts on most outcomes was
small, but can be considered
positive relative to what was observed in the early phase of the UK Sure Start evaluation.3 The current results are also comparable in size to those
found in the later impact evaluation of the Sure Start programme, in which 3 - year - old children were exposed to mature SSLP throughout their entire lives.4 Reviews of the effectiveness of early childhood interventions have
found that most studies reported
effect sizes on parenting and child outcomes that were
small to moderate.14 15 When comparing CfC and SSLP with other interventions, it is important to remember that the evaluations of these interventions measured
effects on an entire population, rather than on programme participants, as is the case in the evaluation of many other interventions.
To date, the immediate and lasting
positive effects of quality care on language, cognitive development, and school achievement have been confirmed by converging
findings from large, reasonably representative longitudinal studies and
smaller, randomized trials with long - term follow - ups.1, 2,9 - 13 Contributors to this knowledge base include meta - analytic reviews of interventions and large longitudinal studies conducted in several countries.1, 2,14,15 Comprehensive meta - analyses now establish that
effects of early care decline, but do not disappear, and when initial
effects are large, long - term
effects remain substantial.1, 2 Null
findings in cognitive and social domains in a few studies may reasonably be attributed to the limitations inherent to their designs, samples, and measures.
The researchers
found that the reform had
small positive effects on verbal test scores, but no
effect on the mean performance in the arithmetic or logical reasoning tests.
Two of these studies
found one or more significant
positive effect; 39, 43 however, one of the studies also
found a significant negative
effect.43 Two studies
found no significant
effects of the parenting interventions.44, 46
Small to medium
effect sizes were reported for the majority of the studies with statistically significant results (Cohen's d 0.33 — 0.60).
Nowak and Heinrichs
found Triple P to produce
small to moderate
positive effects on parenting, child outcomes and parental well - being.