Not exact matches
By comparison, conventional saunas must rely only on indirect means of heat:
first, on convection (air currents) and then,
conduction (direct contact of hot air with the skin) to produce its heating effect.
How does energy from the ocean radiate from the surface as IR unless it crossed the skin layer
by conduction first?
So it predominantly cools
by transferring this kinetic energy to neighboring molecules (
conduction) or doing work (adiabatic cooling), which is the same way it was heated to that temperature in the
first place (not
by IR absorption).
The red flag went up in my mind when the
first paper I cited «Tropical Atlantic Mixed Layer Heat Budget» showed that 25 % of insolation energy is removed
by LWIR, 5 %
by conduction, and 70 %
by latent heat of vaporiation.
In fact, IR tends to heat the
first few microns of the ocean surface, thereby insulating the ocean from heating
by conduction.
First is cold old ice in ice sheets; well below zero C. Not mobile, so the heat has to get to it
by some mechanism, mainly
conduction.
First is
conduction as molecules of air touching the surface are heated
by direct contact.