3 The logical
calculus is formulated
first in terms of propositions and propositional functions and is soon expanded into a formal theory of
classes and relations until the topics gradually become more specific to the point of a purely logical theory of cardinal and ordinal numbers.
A word more about the inner character of the event - theoretical framework, which consists of (1) the usual quantificational theory of
first order, extended to include the theory of virtual
classes and relations, (2) the theory of identity, (3) Lesniewski's mereology or
calculus of individuals, (4) logical syntax in its modern form, (5) a semantics or theory of reference both extensional and intentional, (6) variant renditions of systematic pragmatics as needed, (7) the theory of events, states, acts, and processes, and, finally, (8) a theory of structural or grammatical relations of the kind needed for the analysis of natural language.
As part of UBC's ongoing efforts to improve undergraduate teaching and learning, Code and colleagues selected two especially difficult topics covered in large
first - year
calculus classes, and designed week - long «teaching interventions» to more actively engage students.