Sentences with phrase «fixed effects estimates»

Not exact matches

In future updates, we will use fixed - effect meta - analysis for combining data where it is reasonable to assume that studies are estimating the same underlying treatment effect: i.e. where trials are examining the same intervention, and the trials» populations and methods are judged sufficiently similar.

The pooled estimate based on a fixed - effects model is shown by a dashed vertical line and ⋄ (95 % CI).

All estimates were pooled by using fixed - effect models; differences < 0 and ratios < 1 imply a beneficial effect of breastfeeding.

The model used a fixed time horizon of 20 years to estimate costs and effects, which is likely to give conservative estimates of cost - effectiveness of the interventions.

In the Indiana study, the most rigorous program estimates come from an individual fixed - effects analysis, where the achievement gains of students while in the voucher program are compared to their achievement gains when not in the program.

The authors of the North Carolina study attempt to control for hard - to - measure permanent characteristics of students who attend charters by estimating what is known as student «fixed effect» models, which involves measuring how student performance changes as students switch between the charter and traditional sectors.

Estimates that include student fixed effects require at least three years of scores, which provide two changes in scores from one period to another, typically called gain scores (even though in some cases they are losses, not gains).

The inclusion of student fixed effects means that students are compared only to themselves over time when estimating the effect of each kind of management.

For each grade level, we estimate the following school fixed - effect regressions to obtain within school comparisonsYis = δ Asianis + β Xis + ηs + εis, [1]

We estimate the effect of class size on student performance in 18 countries, combining school fixed effects and instrumental variables to identify random class - size variation between two adjacent

We therefore use a variety of fixed effects approaches to estimate the link between student achievement and these three forms of being to new one's job assignment — new to teaching, new to school, or new to position within the same school — with a particular focus on the latter given that so many teachers experience within - school reassignments and we know so little about how students are affected by it.

Using an individual panel data set to control for student fixed effects, we estimate the impact of charter schools on students in charter schools and in nearby traditional public schools.

Using a unique identification strategy that employs grade - level turnover and two classes of fixed - effects models, this study estimates the effects of teacher turnover on over 850,000 New York City 4th and 5th grade student observations over eight years.

The availability of test scores in multiple subjects for each student permits us to estimate a model with student fixed effects, which helps minimize any bias associated with the non-random distribution of teachers and students among classrooms within schools.

This paper describes the school mobility rates for elementary and middle school students in North Carolina and attempts to estimate the effect of school mobility on the performance of different groups of students using student fixed effects models.

We use rich longitudinal data from North Carolina and estimate TFA effects through cross-subject student and school fixed - effects models.

The study estimates returns to master's degrees using teacher fixed effects to control for time - invariant characteristics of teachers, thus separating the effects of teacher decisions to get an advanced degree from the effects of having one.

Finally, we find significant variance inflation in the estimated program effects when controlling for school fixed effects, and that the size of the variance inflation factor depends crucially on the length of the window used to compare graduates teaching in the same schools.

Estimating the influence of life satisfaction and positive affect on later income using sibling fixed effects

In this work, I employ time series linear regression with time fixed effects to empirically estimate the effect of each likely explanatory variable on the average day - ahead locational marginal price (LMP) earned by 19 nuclear generating stations located in PJM from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016.

Although nitrogen fixation is not just a gift of life — it has been estimated that 100m people were killed by explosives made with industrially fixed nitrogen in the 20th century's wars — its net effect has been to allow a huge growth in population.

Consistent with common practice in climate science, we estimate the fixed effect \ (\ mu \) as the mean of the ensemble means from each model.

The estimated warming of 2.4 °C is the equilibrium warming above preindustrial temperatures that the world will observe even if GHG concentrations are held fixed at their 2005 concentration levels but without any other anthropogenic forcing such as the cooling effect of aerosols.

As seen in Model 3, we then estimated a model using the identified variables as covariates, widowhood status as a fixed effect, and prior social participation as a control.

Within - person change parameters including parameter estimates for age interactions are essentially identical to those from fixed effects models (Allison, 2009).

In this respect, Maas and Hox (2005) found that level 2 sample sizes exceeding 30 (i.e., 136 in our study) are sufficiently large to produce unbiased estimates and accurate estimations of standard errors and fixed effects.

We then estimate the effect on rents implied by keeping the city - wide income - to - rent ratio fixed.