In general, examining the potential effects of other
flaviviruses on pregnant women and their developing fetuses is difficult, because outbreaks have been sporadic and less widespread than with Zika.
Not exact matches
Based
on what they learned, they used the model to test the combination of Zika virus with all the mosquito species known to transmit at least one
flavivirus.
«We worked
on the dengue virus 20 years ago, and when Zika popped up in the news, we knew immediately that the two mosquito - borne viruses were related members of the
flavivirus family,» Robert Linhardt, Ph.D., says.
In addition to potentially devastating Chinese duck farming and the economy that depends
on it, the
flavivirus could put humans at risk.
When the assay was run
on patients infected with Zika virus and also
on a control group of 540 patients infected by other
flaviviruses or other viruses, plus healthy donors, the specificity was 95.9 percent.
Zika's surface protein — the primary target of antibodies — looks extremely similar to those
on dengue and West Nile virus, members of the same
flavivirus family.
WRAIR is moving forward with the purified inactivated virus (PIV) vaccine, called ZPIV, because it builds
on «a type of vaccine that has been licensed before,» said Col. Stephen Thomas, an infectious disease Army physician and a vaccinologist specializing in
flaviviruses, and the WRAIR Zika program lead.
He conducted one of three monkey studies last year — two are
on the internet but none has been published — that failed to find ADE in animals infected first with dengue or yellow fever (another
flavivirus) and then Zika.
There are already tests
on the market, but none of them can tell the difference between these individual
flaviviruses.
* Update, 8 February, 3:26 p.m.: At a White House press conference today to discuss the budget request, Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in Bethesda, Maryland, noted that NIH currently spends about $ 100 million per year
on research into dengue, yellow fever, and other closely related viruses to Zika, which are all
flaviviruses.
In this way, the
flaviviruses clamp down
on the cell's responses to thwart infection, including deploying antiviral proteins.
My current projects focus
on understanding the molecular mechanisms of the balance between protective and pathogenic T cell responses to
flaviviruses, including Dengue and Zika.
The external face of the
flavivirus NS1 protein (sugars in grey balls) is exposed
on infected cell surfaces where it can interact with the immune system.
Dr. Guo has been conducting antiviral research and study
on the molecular pathogenesis of hepatitis viruses,
flaviviruses and human coronaviruses for more than 30 years.
So far there are no reports of the Zika virus entering the U.S. blood supply, but the FDA writes that «the risk of blood transmission is considered likely based
on the most current scientific evidence of how Zika virus and similar viruses (
flaviviruses) are spread and recent reports of transfusion - associated infection outside of the U.S.»