Scientists already employ fMRI, which uses changes in blood
flow as a proxy for brain activity, to scan the brains of restrained monkeys, but Berns wanted to train dogs to willingly enter the machine and learn simple things, such as associating a hand signal with a reward of a hot dog, all the while staying still enough to collect interpretable brain scans.
Brain response was gauged by functional MRI, which measures changes in blood
flow as a proxy for neural activity.
On Europa the biggest density contrast is at the rock - ocean interface and we can therefore use gravity anomalies to look for heat
flow as a proxy for volcanism.
I use free cash
flows as a proxy for owner's earnings.
Not exact matches
As a
proxy for political uncertainty I used the popular Economic Policy Uncertainty indexes, measures based on real - time news
flow.
We have applied discount rates that reflect the risks associated with our cash
flow projections and have used venture capital rates of return for companies at a similar stage of development
as us,
as a
proxy for our cost of capital.
EBITDA is the cash
flow proxy above, and debt is slowly declining even
as the company grows its casino base with projects like MGM Cotai and MGM National Harbor.
Brain imaging with fMRI reveals blood
flow in the brain, serving
as a
proxy for activity, though some software accuracy was recently called into question.
The UM Rosenstiel School researchers used historical observations of cloud cover
as a
proxy for wind velocity in climate models to analyze the Walker circulation, the atmospheric air
flow and heat distribution in the tropic Pacific region that affects patterns of tropical rainfall.
fMRI works by tracking blood
flow in the brain, which can be used
as a real - time
proxy for electrical activity when neurons fire.
Conversely slower growth companies like real estate investment trusts (REITs), utilities and telecom companies, which are seen
as bond
proxies because they deliver a steady cash
flow to investors, have a tendency to lag
as rate climb.
To illustrate this point, I use mutual fund
flows from 1993 to 2017
as a
proxy for investor behavior in FIGURE 1.
A
proxy server is a server that acts
as a middleman in the
flow of your internet traffic, so that your internet activities appear to come from somewhere else.