«It is still worthwhile to encourage the immune system to make a greater quantity of antibodies, even if their quality does not rise appreciably, and the value of vaccination may be greater when
the flu vaccine strains are not identical to those used in previous seasons» vaccines,» he says.
Not exact matches
The latest
flu vaccine is no match for the year's most common
strains — but there's a better way to fight the virus.
The trivalent
vaccine combines two
strains of the influenza A virus and one
strain of influenza B in order to prompt your immune system to develop antibodies for all three versions of the
flu.
Flu vaccine effectiveness can vary widely from year to year since scientists essentially have to try and predict which strains will be most prevalent, but is generally found to reduce flu illness risk by 40 % to 60
Flu vaccine effectiveness can vary widely from year to year since scientists essentially have to try and predict which
strains will be most prevalent, but is generally found to reduce
flu illness risk by 40 % to 60
flu illness risk by 40 % to 60 %.
Furthermore, the
strains of
flu virus that are most prevalent change from year to year, which is why new
flu vaccines must be formulated almost annually.
A part of the research will include analyzing exactly why this year's
flu vaccine proved so ineffective against the most common
strains circulating (the shot was just 25 % effective against influenza A
strains).
Another caveat: It is still possible to contract the
flu after getting a
flu shot since the
vaccine you receive may not protect against all
strains.
If your baby does get the
flu after being vaccinated, it's most likely he was infected by a
strain the
vaccine didn't cover.
Preliminary estimates by the federal CDC show this year's version of the
flu vaccine is 36 percent effective against all
strains of the
flu, but just 25 percent effective against the H3N2
strain causing most
flu cases this winter.
The
flu vaccine can protect against several
strains of the
flu virus.
Based on preliminary effectiveness estimates, the CDC estimates that the
flu vaccine is approximately 25 % effective against the H3N2
strain https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6706a2.htm.
This year's
vaccine combines protection against the H1N1 virus and several
strains expected to be most common during this
flu season which runs through March.
The
flu vaccine is showing higher effectiveness for H1N1 and influenza B
strains (67 and 42 % respectively for all age groups).
Armed with that information, the researchers then designed a mutant
flu strain that was powerful enough to replicate well but highly susceptible to our body's own ability to control the virus — the ideal ingredients for a
vaccine.
Flu vaccines typically include a cocktail of several
strains of killed virus.
Since
flu strains are so good at mutating, is there a chance that they could evolve to get around this sort of
vaccine?
Flu vaccines work by introducing a killed version of circulating virus
strains, which trains the body's immune system to recognize and attack similar invaders in the future.
These included the past two
flu seasons in which
vaccines offered only limited protection against the most widely circulating
strain of influenza A.
Are we close to being able to develop a universal
flu vaccine that would confer immunity against all
strains of influenza?
Because the
strain of
flu that infects people is often difficult to grow in eggs,
vaccine producers must make compromises to produce enough egg - based
vaccine in time for fall
flu shots.
Annual
flu vaccines are formulated to protect against one type of influenza B and two
strains of influenza A, one H3N2
strain and one H1N1
strain.
«Even when the
vaccine is not a perfect match to the circulating influenza
strain, as is the case this year, the
vaccine still helps prevent more severe infections if children get sick with the
flu,» she says.
Each year, scientists create an influenza (
flu)
vaccine that protects against a few specific influenza
strains that researchers predict are going to be the most common during that year.
There is only a preliminary form of a
vaccine against H5N1
flu strains, and even if there were a developed
vaccine, the virus might spread faster than public - health officials could get people inoculated.
«Virus - like particle
vaccine protects mice from many
flu strains.»
The same method could be used to create
vaccines for all
flu strains at least a month faster than at present.
Dr Derek Gatherer of Lancaster University said: «Every year we have a round of
flu vaccination, where we choose a recent
strain of
flu as the
vaccine, hoping that it will protect against next year's
strains.
These antibodies protect against certain
strains of influenza virus in the
vaccine, but may not provide thorough protection against other
strains of
flu that may be present.
The findings may eventually help
vaccine developers predict
flu strain evolution.
Kilbourne, then at Mount Sinai Medical School in New York City, specialized in developing
vaccines to specific
flu strains and was quickly recruited to help combat a feared swine
flu epidemic.
Yoshihiro Kawaoka of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, lead researcher on the other study, adds that the meeting allowed him and Fouchier to explain their work, including the potential benefits for surveillance of emerging
flu strains (Nature 481, 417 - 418; 2012) and for
vaccine preparation (Nature 482, 142 - 143; 2012).
VaxInnate is testing a universal
flu vaccine that would work against all
strains of the disease by using a Toll - like receptor (TLR) technology platform.
«The matching process is not a perfect science, therefore, in some
flu seasons, the
vaccine available in the fall is not a good match for the circulating virus strains and is less effective,» said senior author David Weiner, Ph.D., Executive Vice President and Director of the Vaccine and Immune Therapy Center at The Wistar Ins
vaccine available in the fall is not a good match for the circulating virus
strains and is less effective,» said senior author David Weiner, Ph.D., Executive Vice President and Director of the
Vaccine and Immune Therapy Center at The Wistar Ins
Vaccine and Immune Therapy Center at The Wistar Institute.
The current crop of seasonal
flu vaccines, which contain H1N1, H3N2 and B flulike
strains, are egg - based.
Every
flu season,
vaccine makers must bet on which
strain of influenza A will pose the greatest threat to the public, and millions of Americans must decide whether to get a shot.
One reason
vaccines using weakened
flu virus are not used in the elderly is that they have been exposed to many
strains of
flu virus over the years and have more antibodies in the nasal tract, which can inhibit the weakened
flu virus from infecting and stimulating the immune response necessary to protect against the virus.
For their research, Pekosz and his team, using human nasal tract cells, studied the weakened
strain of the
flu virus that is used in the nasal spray
vaccine and compared its behavior with that of the
flu virus itself.
To create the weakened
flu strain contained in FluMist, the brand name of the nasal spray
vaccine, nine mutations in the
flu virus were made.
Flu vaccines can be trivalent — containing two
strains of influenza A and one of influenza B — or quadrivalent — including two
strains of A and two of B. Both are available to fight influenza.
Consequently, the
strains in the human
flu vaccines are updated every few years, based on recommendations by the World Health Organization.
Writing in February in
Vaccine, the researchers reported that the stored serum of elderly volunteers who received the vaccine in 2011 showed an immune response to new strains of flu that were circulating three years
Vaccine, the researchers reported that the stored serum of elderly volunteers who received the
vaccine in 2011 showed an immune response to new strains of flu that were circulating three years
vaccine in 2011 showed an immune response to new
strains of
flu that were circulating three years later.
Findings from this study of
flu vaccines delivered by a small needle intradermally parallel earlier results that found adding a
strain of influenza B could improve the effectiveness of a
flu vaccine nasal spray and a traditional intramuscular
vaccine that is injected as a shot in the arm muscle.
None of the available swine
flu vaccines can protect against all these
strains.
However, researchers are working to develop universal
vaccines that could protect against multiple
flu strains without needing to be updated.
The researchers are taking hemagglutinin mutations from every
flu strain that has ever circulated, dumping them into a kind of scientific blender and attaching them to particles that can form the basis of a
vaccine.
«We found adding a fourth
strain to the
vaccine increases the chance the
vaccine will match the circulating
flu B
strains,» Gorse said.
All studies showed the addition of the B
strain improved the antibody response to that
strain and didn't weaken the body's immune response to other
flu strains in the
vaccine.
«Key benefits of large - scale use of universal over conventional
flu vaccines: Mathematical model reveals potential effects of new
vaccines that target multiple
flu strains.»
Further, adding another B
strain didn't compromise the
vaccine's ability to cause the body to mount an immune response to the other
flu strains.
Vaccine makers must anticipate months in advance which
strains of
flu will circulate each year.