If there are ripples along the boundary between those layers, the
shearing action creates centrifugal
forces that swirl the
fluids — or bodies of air — together.
The trophoblasts along with blood vessel cells were added to small dextran beads that were then spun around in a container filled with cell culture
fluid, creating
shear stress and rotational
forces to better mimic the environment at the maternal - fetal interface than static cell - culture systems.