But that's changing with the signing of a bill that dramatically shifts
the focus of school accountability in the state.
Although testing has become a central
focus of school accountability, education data often seem remote from the rush and clatter of day - to - day life.
Not exact matches
You may recall that the original impetus for
focusing on this previously unexplored set
of skills, in How Children Succeed and elsewhere, was the growing body
of evidence that, when it comes to long - term academic goals like high -
school graduation and college graduation, the test scores on which our current educational
accountability system relies are clearly inadequate.
The Obama agenda has
focused almost exclusively on systemic
school reform to address the achievement deficits
of disadvantaged students: standards, testing, teacher evaluations, and a continued, if different,
focus on
accountability.
A joint project
of Corporate
Accountability International and Dr. Nicholas Freudenberg and Monica Gagnon
of The City University
of New York, the guide
focuses on four local policy approaches:
school policy, «healthy» zoning, curbing kid -
focused marketing, and redirecting subsidies to healthier businesses.
The second results area (Pillar 2)
focuses on improving the quality
of education in 125 selected low - performing SHS through: (i) strengthened
school management and
accountability; (ii) improved mathematics and science teaching and learning; (iii) expanded information, communication technology and internet connectivity in
schools; and (iv) the implementation
of school performance partnership plans.
The role and selection
of school governors is now on the agenda as
accountability issues come into sharper
focus because
of increasing
school autonomy.
These directors would
focus on bringing greater coherence to the process
of school creation, raising standards and improving local
accountability.
Focusing on a notion
of accountability which is broader than just league tables and published measurement scores, the Big Education Inquiry argued for greater local control over
schools and education and a democratic input into local
school systems.
Cuomo's campaign spokesperson, Abbey Fashouer, counters that he «has made education equity a central
focus of his tenure, investing a record $ 27 billion with a
focus on our neediest
schools, while demanding
accountability measures so that the door to opportunity is open for every child — regardless
of income, zip code or ethnicity.
«The NASUWT remains clear that a fit for purpose
accountability system should consider the performance
of schools in the round and not solely on the basis
of narrowly
focused test and examination results.»
In the remaining nine months
of 2014, pro-charter groups
focused more on strengthening
accountability measures for teachers and pushing the state and city to take immediate action to fix failing
schools.
These lessons
focus primarily on the transparency
of the systems, but this is just one
of several principles that states should attend to (which I have offered previously):
Accountability systems should actually measure
school effectiveness, not just test scores.
Since the Texas state test was a test
of basic skills, and the
accountability metric is based on pass rates,
schools had strong incentives to
focus on helping lower - scoring students.
Partly in response to federal
accountability measures ~ curriculum in many
schools particularly those serving predominantly disadvantaged students has narrowed to
focus on reading and math at the expense
of the arts ~ physical education ~ civics and other subjects.
Accountability provisions such as these are likely to be muted under the new NCLB waivers, which stipulate that states must
focus their improvement efforts on the lowest - performing 15 %
of schools, but de-emphasize performance
of student sub-groups in every
school.
Some
of the criticism
of NCLB in its latter days
focused on the core failings
of test - based
accountability — in particular, the extent to which the pressure to raise scores had come to dominate
schooling.
When it comes to the study
of implementing education reforms, analysts tend to
focus on the formal channels
of implementation and the standard tools
of public administration — for example, intergovernmental hand - offs (federal to state to district to
school), alignment
of curriculum, assessment and other components
of the reform, professional development, getting incentives right, and
accountability mechanisms.
Even if government
accountability is not the norm for government programs, some people may still favor requiring choice
schools to take the state test and comply with other components
of the high - regulation approach to
school choice, such as mandating that
schools accept voucher amounts as payment in full, prohibiting
schools from applying their own admissions requirements, and
focusing programs on low - income students in low - performing
schools.
But other, less - heralded attributes helped just as much, including provisions in the state's 1995 legislation that greatly expanded Vallas's power over teachers and
schools;
school construction and other appealing initiatives undertaken in part to soften the
accountability focus; and characteristics in Vallas that aren't necessarily the trademark
of the latest fashion, the big - city superintendent who rides in from another walk
of life.
Arne Duncan has also espoused the wisdom
of looking at progress over time, yet his ESEA waiver rules require state
accountability systems to take proficiency rates into account — those are expected to be the drivers in identifying «
focus» and «priority»
schools.
The inverted «V» depicts the simplified pattern
of gains one would expect to see if a
school disproportionately targets resources, such as instructional time and teacher
focus, to students particularly important to its
accountability rating, that is, to students hovering around the state - defined proficiency threshold.
How very refreshing, even exhilarating, the inclusion
of superintendents and boards in a results - based
accountability system, rather than the customary
focus only on
schools and their principals and teachers (and sometimes the kids themselves).
Many
of the reforms he championed, namely, more
accountability, more
focus on standards, and growth in charter
schools, are already at various levels
of implementation in states and districts across the country.
However, aggregate
school performance is the
focus of state
accountability systems, is reported in the media, and presumably is used by parents, along with their own observations
of their child's progress, to evaluate the quality
of their child's
school.
Rather than providing students skills that have real currency in today's labor market and preparing them for gainful employment,
accountability provisions in the federal No Child Left Behind Act and Race to the Top funding program have
focused on increasing short - term gains that measure success or failure
of schools.
As Morgan Polikoff and other
accountability scholars have argued, «a narrow
focus on proficiency rates incentivizes
schools to
focus on those students near the proficiency cut score, while an approach that takes into account all levels
of performance incentivizes a
focus on all students.»
A five - point A to F scale that
focused strictly on student growth at a
school would greatly enhance the transparency
of the
accountability system.
Bringing diverse perspectives on the principalship to the discussion, the panelists will engage in dialogue
focused on how instructional leadership, distributed leadership, and
accountability impact the work
of principals in the 21st century and beyond, as well as how to best mentor and support the next generation
of school leaders.
This prompted the founding
of GLEP, which
focuses on academic quality and
accountability in Michigan
schools, in addition to expanding
school choice.
The
focus was on those summative assessments that are used on a regular basis within
schools for guiding the progress
of pupils and for internal
accountability.
Rather than
focusing on the shortcomings
of public
schooling, a more sensible approach to the problem will be increasing
accountability for the process
of public education.
A few major areas I hope will receive attention during reauthorization are college / workplace readiness, including the promotion
of more rigorous standards; greater
accountability at the secondary level; more sophisticated policy and greater
accountability for improving teacher effectiveness, particularly at the late elementary and secondary levels; a broadening
of attention to math and science as well as to history; and refinements in AYP to
focus greater attention and improvement on the persistently failing
schools by offering real choices to parents
of students stuck in such
schools.
Colorado requires that 95 percent
of students be in a high - risk group before a
school can be labeled an AEC and the D.C. Public Charter School Board is considering a proposal based on a «gap» model that would set the threshold at 60 percent high - risk students, while some other states allow schools to bypass conventional accountability systems if their missions focus on serving alternative student popula
school can be labeled an AEC and the D.C. Public Charter
School Board is considering a proposal based on a «gap» model that would set the threshold at 60 percent high - risk students, while some other states allow schools to bypass conventional accountability systems if their missions focus on serving alternative student popula
School Board is considering a proposal based on a «gap» model that would set the threshold at 60 percent high - risk students, while some other states allow
schools to bypass conventional
accountability systems if their missions
focus on serving alternative student populations.
Third, the efforts
of the
school board and superintendent have been
focused on the
accountability function: supporting
schools that perform well, assisting
schools that are earnestly struggling to improve, and creating alternatives to failed
schools and ineffective central - office initiatives.
A number
of states have begun to do this, and the Bush proposal is
focused here, bringing high
schools under the NCLB umbrella, primarily via testing and public
accountability.
The Education Equality Project (EEP) supported a continuation
of accountability and other
school -
focused reforms.
For instance, states with higher percentages
of certified teachers may also have strong
accountability systems that
focus their
schools on student achievement.
In 2009, the U.S. Supreme Court
focused on the importance
of outcome
accountability in a major
school finance decision.
And so in 1999, we overhauled our
school system through
accountability legislation that made student learning the
focus of education.
Standards - based reform was fed by three factors: increased expectations for learning beyond high
school, which led to a
focus on college readiness for all; the availability
of reliable and cheap measures
of student proficiency in reading and math; and the push for teacher and
school accountability.
So, we'll find
schools where leaders are very much
focused around
accountability data that they're developing... that are administered from the outside, and that provides one kind
of frame, but that
accountability frame tends not to be useful for instructional improvement.
Areas
of Focus: education research; educational policy; high
school dropout and completion, standards, assessments, and
accountability; media and publishing
Over the decade, we have witnessed — perhaps contributed to — the advance
of school reform: the proliferation
of school choice from vouchers to tax credits, charters, and online learning; the evolution
of accountability's
focus from
schools to teachers; renewed attention to national standards; and a more realistic understanding
of the uncertain connection between educational expenditures and
school quality.
She is co-editor
of The Handbook
of Research on Educational Finance and Policy (Routledge, first edition, 2008 and second edition 2015), and the author
of many articles on U.S. education policy, with a
focus on
school accountability, teacher labor markets, charter
schools, and early childhood programs.
For almost two decades,
school accountability has
focused on creating clear content standards for what students should know and when they should know it, testing to measure their mastery
of those standards, and applying consequences and rewards to those responsible for the success
of students in meeting the standards.
Hart's recent work has
focused on
school choice programs,
school accountability policies, early childhood education policies, and effects on students
of exposure to demographically similar teachers.
Among them are a
focus within preschool programs on teaching pre-academic skills; the conceptualization
of the role
of the adults who provide center - based care as that
of a teacher; a bias towards delivering pre-K services through
school districts; a press towards common standards and curriculum across pre-K providers;
accountability regimens that are tied to children's performance on measures that correlate with later
school success; disproportionate spending on four - year - olds as opposed to younger children; and marginalization
of the family's responsibility.
A Cost Allocation Model for Shared District Resources: A Means for Comparing Spending Across
Schools Recent policy changes at the state and federal level have made schools the focus of accounta
Schools Recent policy changes at the state and federal level have made
schools the focus of accounta
schools the
focus of accountability.
Keeping in mind that test - based
accountability mostly
focuses on the level
of test scores, not changes, and virtually never relies upon a rigorous identification
of how test scores are caused by
schools and programs, we have no way
of knowing that that the kinds
of schools, programs, and practices that we are pushing in education will actually help kids later in life.