These results suggest that the additional muscle mass induced by
follistatin in Mstn null mice results from inhibition of additional ligands that act predominantly to regulate muscle fiber growth.
Not exact matches
This time, the dead guide activator for turning on the
follistatin gene was packaged
in one virus and Cas9
in another virus.
«There are a lot of hints
in the scientific literature that versions of activin or
follistatin or both are activated by injury and may play a role
in regeneration
in other animals, but pinning the role of initiating regeneration to them hasn't happened yet.»
One of these is the
follistatin related protein, FLRG, which has been demonstrated to be capable of inhibiting myostatin activity
in vitro.
«This regulation by activin and
follistatin may be conserved
in other systems,» says Gaviño, who is currently a postdoctoral researcher at Univeristy of California, San Francisco.
In order to determine whether this effect of follistatin results solely from inhibition of myostatin activity, I analyzed the effect of this transgene in myostatin - null mic
In order to determine whether this effect of
follistatin results solely from inhibition of myostatin activity, I analyzed the effect of this transgene
in myostatin - null mic
in myostatin - null mice.
We previously showed that the myostatin binding protein,
follistatin, can induce dramatic increases
in muscle mass when overexpressed as a transgene
in mice.
In addition to the propeptide, other binding proteins are capable of regulating myostatin activity in vitro, including follistatin [19], [21], FLRG [22], and Gasp - 1 [23
In addition to the propeptide, other binding proteins are capable of regulating myostatin activity
in vitro, including follistatin [19], [21], FLRG [22], and Gasp - 1 [23
in vitro, including
follistatin [19], [21], FLRG [22], and Gasp - 1 [23].
Here, I show that overexpression of
follistatin can also cause substantial muscle growth
in mice lacking myostatin, demonstrating that other TGF - ß related ligands normally cooperate with myostatin to suppress muscle growth and that the capacity for enhancing muscle growth by targeting this signaling pathway is much larger than previously appreciated.
However, I carried out a similar set of experiments utilizing
follistatin transgenic mice, which demonstrated that these additional ligands do play a major role
in suppressing muscle growth.
I have presented data showing that FLRG, like
follistatin, can promote muscle growth when expressed as a transgene
in skeletal muscle and that both of these molecules appear to act by blocking not only myostatin but also other ligands with similar activity to myostatin.
In previous studies, we had generated several transgenic founders expressing
follistatin from a myosin light chain promoter / enhancer [19].
It is the flip - side of myostatin, as increased
follistatin blocks the activity of myostatin: either increased
follistatin or reduced myostatin produce similar outcomes
in animal studies, with treated individuals demonstrating increased muscle mass.
For example, cluster 5 of the concise «Time Series», which consists of transiently induced genes around day 3 of differentiation, similarly to Global Cluster 30, contains the same transcripts, but
in addition, it also includes T - brachyury, Axin2, Mesp2, Fgf8, Wnt8a, Sp5, Sp8,
Follistatin, Mix1 and Lim1.
Both control iPSCs derived from BJ fibroblasts (f - iPSCs) and chondrocyte derived - iPSCs (C - iPSCs) were fully pluripotent and genomically stable (See figure), and were first differentiated
in a monolayer exposing the iPSCs
in a defined, three stage manner to activin A, WNT3A, FGF2, BMP4,
follistatin, GDF5, and neurotrophin 4.
In addition, myostatin is kept in check by another protein, follistatin, which exerts the opposite effec
In addition, myostatin is kept
in check by another protein, follistatin, which exerts the opposite effec
in check by another protein,
follistatin, which exerts the opposite effect.
It is also important to note that these results were observed
in middle aged people, who possess higher levels of myostatin and lower
follistatin to begin with.
As a naturally occurring myostatin inhibitor,
follistatin plays a huge role
in our ability to acquire muscle mass.
This one targets
follistatin levels
in the body to reduce myostatin actions.
Follistatin - like 1 (Fstl1) is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 signaling antagonist
in controlling mouse lung development.